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西南科技大学2022年考研专业课真题：805 英语语言文学基础知识

适用专业：英语语言文学(050201)

Part I E-C Translation (50')

请将以下段落翻译为中文。

1. All speakers of English can talk to each other and pretty much understand each other. Yet, no two of us speak exactly alike. Some differences are the result of age, sex, social situation, and where and when the language was learned. These differences are reflected in word choices, the pronunciation of words, and grammatical rules. The language of an individual speaker with its unique characteristics is referred to as the speaker 's idiolect. English may then be said to consist of anywhere from 450 million to 850 million idiolects, or the number of speakers of English.

2. Style, the Latin name for an iron pen, has come to designate the art that handles, with ever fresh vitality and wary alacrity, the fluid elements of speech. By a figure, obvious enough, which yet might serve for an epitome of literary method, the most rigid and simplest of instruments has lent its name to the subtlest and most flexible of arts. Thence the application of the word has been extended to arts other than literature, to the whole range of the activities of man. The fact that we use the word "style" in speaking of architecture and sculpture, painting and music, dancing, play-acting, and cricket, that we can apply it to the careful achievements of the housebreaker and the poisoner, and to the spontaneous animal movements of the limbs of man or beast, is the noblest of unconscious tributes to the faculty of letters.

3. A thought of this kind, - that Nature is an embodiment of Reason; that it is unchangeably subordinate to universal laws, appears nowise striking or strange to us. We are accustomed to such conceptions, and find nothing extraordinary in them. And I have mentioned this extraordinary occurrence, partly to show how history teaches, that ideas of this kind, which may seem trivial to us, have not always been in the world; that on the contrary, such a thought makes an epoch in the annals of human intelligence.

4. We might marvel at the progress made in every field of study, but the methods of testing a person's knowledge and ability remain as primitive as ever they were. It is extraordinary that after all these years, educationists have still failed to devise anything more efficient and reliable than examinations. For all the pious claim that examinations test what you know, it is common knowledge that they mere often do the exact opposite. They may be a good means of testing memory, but they can tell you nothing about a person's true ability and aptitude.

5. It was once thought that air pollution affected only the areas immediately around large cities with factories and heavy traffic. Today, we know that although these are the areas with the worst air pollution, the problem is literally worldwide. The increase in carbon dioxide in the atmosphere resulting from the burning of coal and oil is creating a greenhouse effect, and raising the world's average temperature.

Part II C-E Translation (50)

请将以下段落翻译为英文。

1、历稽载籍，良史必有三长:才，学，识。学者，史料精熟也:识者，选材精当也:才者，文笔精妙也。著小史者，意在通俗，不易展其学，而其识其才，较之学术巨著尤为需要。

2、有许多人说，中国哲学是入世的哲学。很难说这些人说的完全对了，或完全错了。从表面上看中国哲学，不能说这些人说错了，因为从表面上看中国哲学，无论哪一家思想，都是或直接或间接地讲政治，说道德。在表面上,中国哲学所注重的是社会，不是宇宙；是人伦日用，不是地狱天堂；是人的今生，不是人的来世。孔子有个学生问死的意义，孔子回答说:“未知生，焉知死?”

3、《论语》记载，孔子周游列国时遇到一些他称为“隐者”的“避世”的人。这些隐者嘲笑孔子，认为孔子救世的努力都是徒劳。有一位隐者把孔子说成“是知其不可而为之者”。

4、我们的环境对我们如何感受和反应比我们通常所想象的要重要得多。对脑力劳动的干扰效果而言尤其如此。一项研究报告表明，在听轻快的音乐时读书的理解力和记忆力降低了，然而读书的速度却未受影响。另一项研究发现准确回忆的能力受到纷杂环境的影响。许多迹象表明噪音对较高级脑力工作成果有不利影响。而干扰物的影响却没有得到学生们的充分重视。

5、如果任所谓“事实”流传而不加检验，这样的事实便是可怕的，因为它们极容易被认为是已获定论的事实，而不是迫切需要处理、使之具有逻辑条理的原始材料。曾有-位哲人说道，对事实进行分析需要非凡的头脑。计算机能够提供许多计算得来的数字，但如果不对其作出正确的判断，这些数字就毫无意义。

Part III Writing (50')

请在以下四个作文题目中任选一题写一篇英文作文，不少于500词(仅以考生作答的第一题计分，多做无效)。

1、材料:

翻译伦理不能局限在忠实的观念上。不仅是翻译构建着对异域文本的一种论释，并随着不同历史时期不同的文化情势而发生变化，而且准确性的经典也是在本土文化之内被阐发和运用的，因而基本上是我族中心主义的。由这些经典所统辖的伦理标准通常是专业化或者制度性的，由学院里的专家、出版商和评论家所确立并未被译者所吸收。更进一步说，翻译伦理不能以为翻译能够摆脱其根本的归化性质，即以本土语言改写异域文本这一基本任务。问题毋宁说是在如何转移翻译的我族中心主义的动向，以便将翻译项目所不可避免使用的本土文化习语加以非中心化。

——韦努蒂《翻译与文化身份的塑造》

你对此有何评论或感想，请写一篇不少于500词的英文作文，题目自拟。

2、材料:

研究人类的语言，就是探讨所谓“人类的本质”，也就是探讨迄今所知的、为人类所独有的心理属性。

——N.乔姆斯基《语言和心理》

你对此有何评论或感想，请写一篇不少于500词的英文作文，题目自拟。

3、材料:

“生态女权主义”(Ecofeminism)的基本论断是，那种认可性别压迫的意识形态同样也认可了对于自然的压迫。生态女权主义号召结束一切形式的压迫，认为如果没有解放自然的斗争，任何解放女性或其他受压迫群体的努力都是无济于事的。

——《西方文论关键词，“生态女权主义”》

你对此有何评论或感想，请写一篇不少于500词的英文作文，题目自拟。

4、材料:

“这一切起源于卡夫卡的《变形记》，第一行字几乎要使我从床上跳下来，它太令人震惊了。卡夫卡写道:格利高尔.萨姆沙从不安的睡梦中醒来时，发现自己躺在床上变成了一只巨大的甲虫。我读到这句话的时候对自己说，我还不知道，竟然有人能用这种方式写作，如果我早一点知道的话，我可能在很久以前就开始写东西了。于是，我立马投入了短篇故事的创作中。”

——加西亚.马尔克斯向《巴黎评论》谈他是如何开始创作小说

你对此有何评论或感想，请写一篇不少于500词的英文作文，题目自拟。

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