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2015年考研英语一翻译真题及参考答案

Section III Translation

　　Directions：

　　Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese、Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET(10 points)

　　Within the span of a hundred years， in the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries， a tide of emigration—one of the great folk wanderings of history—swept from Europe to America、46) This movement， driven by powerful and diverse motivations， built a nation out of a wilderness and， by its nature， shaped the character and destiny of an uncharted continent。

　　47) The United States is the product of two principal forces-the immigration of European peoples with their varied ideas， customs， and national characteristics and the impact of a new country which modified these traits、Of necessity， colonial America was a projection of Europe、Across the Atlantic came successive groups of Englishmen， Frenchmen， Germans， Scots， Irishmen， Dutchmen， Swedes， and many others who attempted to transplant their habits and traditions to the new world。

　　48) But， the force of geographic conditions peculiar to America， the interplay of the varied national groups upon one another， and the sheer difficulty of maintaining old-world ways in a raw， new continent caused significant changes、These changes were gradual and at first scarcely visible、But the result was a new social pattern which， although it resembled European society in many ways， had a character that was distinctly American。

49) The first shiploads of immigrants bound for the territory which is now the United States crossed the Atlantic more than a hundred years after the 15th- and 16th-century explorations of North America、In the meantime， thriving Spanish colonies had been established in Mexico， the West Indies， and South America、These travelers to North America came in small， unmercifully overcrowded craft、During their six- to twelve-week voyage， they subsisted on barely enough food allotted to them、Many of the ship were lost in storms， many passengers died of disease， and infants rarely survived the journey、Sometimes storms blew the vessels far off their course， and often calm brought unbearably long delay。

　　“To the anxious travelers the sight of the American shore brought almost inexpressible relief。” said one recorder of events， “The air at twelve leagues’ distance smelt as sweet as a new-blown garden。” The colonists’ first glimpse of the new land was a sight of dense woods、50) The virgin forest with its richness and variety of trees was a veritable real treasure-house which extended from Maine all the way down to Georgia、Here was abundant fuel and lumber、Here was the raw material of houses and furniture， ships and potash， dyes and naval stores。

【参考答案】

(46) This movement， driven by powerful and diverse motivations， built a nation out of a wilderness and， by its nature， shaped the character and destiny of an uncharted continent。

[解析]句子主干为This movement built a nation and shaped the character and destiny of an continent， and并列两个动词built和shaped作句子谓语。过去分词短语driven by powerful and diverse motivations是插入语，作后置定语修饰movement，相当于定语从句(this movement which was ) driven by powerful and diverse motivations，结合前文可知this movement指代前文的“a tide of emigration”

[词汇]diverse：各式各样的，不同的； motivation：动力，诱因，是动词motivate的名词形式； wilderness：荒野，远离城镇的地区； by its nature：从本质上； uncharted： 未知的，陌生的，不熟悉的

[译文]在多种强大的动机驱动下，这次(移民)运动在一片荒野上建立了一个国家，并且就本质而言，塑造了一个未知大陆的性格和命运。

(47) The United States is the product of two principal forces- the immigration of European peoples with their varied ideas， customs， and national characteristics and the impact of a new country which modified these traits。

[解析]本句主干为The United States is the product of two principal forces，是简单的主系表结构。破折号后为两个并列的名词短语，解释说明two principal forces、第一个名词短语为the immigration。。。characteristics，中心词为immigration，介词短语of European peoples作后置定语修饰immigration，介词短语with their varied ideas， customs， and national characteristics作peoples的后置定语。第二个名词短语为the impact of a new country which modified these traits，中心词为impact，介词短语of a new country对其进行修饰，which引导的定语从句修饰country。

[词汇] principal： 首要的，最重要的，主要的； immigration： 移居，移民； peoples： 民族； impact：影响，作用； modify： 改变； trait： 特征，特点

[译文]美国是两股力量相互作用的产物： 一是欧洲民族带来的不同思想。风俗和民族特征，二是这个新国家在改变这些特征之后造成的影响。

(48) But the force of geographic conditions peculiar to America， the interplay of the varied national groups upon one another， and the sheer difficulty of maintaining old-world ways in a raw， new continent caused significant changes。

[解析]本句为简单句。该句主语较长，为并列的三个名词短语，形成了“A， B， andC"的结构。第一个名词短语的核心名词为force，介词短语of geographic conditions peculiar to America对其进行修饰，其中peculiar to America作后置定语修饰conditions；第二个名词短语的核心名词为interplay，介词短语of the varied national groups upon one another作后置定语对其进行修饰；第三个名词短语的核心名词为the sheer difficulty，of 引导的介词短语作后置定语，句子的谓语为caused，宾语为changes。

[词汇] geographic： 地理学的，地理的； peculiar to： 。。。特有的，独有的； interplay： 相互作用，相互影响； sheer： 纯粹的，完全的； maintain： 维护，保持； raw： 未经加工的，天然的，原始的

[译文]但是，美国特有的地理条件。不同种族间的相互影响。以及在这片蛮荒的新大陆上维持旧秩序的万分艰难，带来了巨大的变化。

(49) The first shiploads of immigrants bound for the territory which is now the United States crossed the Atlantic more than a hundred years after the 15th- and -1 6th-century explorations of North American。

[解析]句子主干为The first shiploads of immigrants crossed the Atlantic。bound for the trritory是形容词短语作the first shiploads of immigrants的后置定语，which引导的定语从句作territory的后置定语。more than a hundred years 。of North American作句子状语。

[词汇] shipload： 船舶装载量； immigrant： 移民； bound for：开往，驶往，朝向； territory： 领土，领地； the Atlantic：大西洋； exploration： 探测，勘察

[译文]十五。十六世纪的探索发现了北美洲，又过了一百多年，第一艘满载移民的航船跨过大西洋驶向这片土地，即现在的美国。

(50) The virgin forest with its richness and variety of trees was a real treasure- house which extended from Maine all the way down to Georgia。

[解析]句子主干为The virgin forest was a real treasure-house。with its richness and variety of trees是介词短语作后置定语，翻译时可前置于被修饰名词the virgin forest 前，which 引导的定语从句修饰a real treasure-house，翻译时可采用后置法，独立成句。

[词汇] virgin forest原始森林； treasure-house 宝库； extend 延伸，延展； Maine 和Georgia为专有名词， 分别指美国的缅因州和乔治亚州，缅因州位于美国东北角，乔治亚州位于美国东南部，因此这里from Maine all the way down to Georgia可以理解为“一路向南延伸至乔治亚州”。

[译文]拥有丰富多样树木的原始深林是真正的宝库，它从缅因州向南一直延伸至乔治亚州。

【全文翻译】

在十七世纪到十八世纪初的一百年间，一股移民浪潮从欧洲向美洲席卷而来，这也是历史上一次人类大迁徙。(46) 在多种强大的动机驱动下，这次(移民)运动在二二 片荒野上建立了一个国家，并且就本质而言，塑造了一个未知大陆的性格和命运。

(47)美国是两股力量相互作用的产物：二是欧洲民族带来的不同思想。风俗和民族特征，二是这个新国家在改变这些特征之后造成的影响。不可避免地，殖民时期的美国是欧洲的一个缩影。不断地有成群的英国人，法国人，德国人，苏格兰人，爱尔兰人，荷兰人，瑞典人，和许多其他国家的人穿越大西洋试图将他们的习惯和传统移植到新的世界。

(48) 但是，美国特有的地理条件。不同种族间的相互影响。以及在这片蛮荒的新大陆上维持旧秩序的万分艰难，带来了巨大的变化。这些变化是渐进的，最初几乎难以察觉。但其结果却是一个新的社会形态，虽然它在许多方面与欧洲社会相似，但其特质却完全属于美洲。

(49)十五。十六世纪的探索发现了北美洲，又过了一百多年， 第一艘满载移民的航船跨过大西洋驶向这片土地，即现在的美国。同时，蓬勃发展的西班牙殖民地已在墨西哥，西印度群岛和南美洲等地相继发展起来。这些人蜷缩在狭小拥挤的船只来到了北美。在六到十二周的航程中，他们在极少的食物供给的条件"下生存了下来。许多船只在暴风雨中迷失，许多旅客因疾病而丧失生命，很少有幼童在旅途中幸存下来。暴风雨有时使船只远远偏离了航线，而且等到风暴平息又带来难熬的漫长的时间延迟。

看到美洲陆地，对这些饱受患难的旅客来说是一种无法表达的宽慰。一位亲历者说，“距离陆地还有几十海里，但空气却甜美的像一个百花盛开的花园一样。殖民者们第一眼看到的新土地，到处是茂密的树林。(50)拥有丰富多样树木的原始深林是真正的宝库，它从缅因州向南一直延伸至乔治亚州。这里蕴藏着丰富的燃料和木材。这里有建造房屋。家具和船只的原材料，以及大量的钾碱。燃料和松香。