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2015年考研英语二阅读理解真题及参考答案

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2015年考研英语二阅读理解真题及参考答案

Section II Reading Comprehension

PartA

Directions:

Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)

Text 1

A new study suggests that contrary to most surveys, people are actually more stressed at home than at work.

Researchers measured people' s cortisol, which is a stress marker, while they were at work and while they were at home and found it higher at what is supposed to be a place of refuge.

“Further contradicting conventional wisdom, we found that women as well as men have lower levels of stress at work than at home,”writes one of the researchers, Sarah Damske. In fact women even say they feel better at work, she notes." It is men, not women, who report being happier at home than at work. "Another surprise is that findings hold true for both those with children and without, but more so for nonparents. This is why people who work outside the home have better health.

What the study doesn't measure is whether people are still doing work when they're at home, whether it is household work or work brought home from the office. For many men, the end of the workday is a time to kick back. For women who stay home, they never get to leave the office. And for women who work outside the home, they often are playing catch-up-with-household tasks. With the blurring of roles, and the fact that the home front lags well behind the workplace a making adjustments for working women, it's not surprising that women are more stressed at home.

But it's not just a gender thing. At work, people pretty much know what they' re supposed to be doing:working, marking money, doing the tasks they have to do in order to draw an income. The bargain is very pure:Employee puts in hours of physical or mental labor and employee draws out life-sustaining moola.

On the home front, however, people have no such clarity. Rare is the household in which the division of labor is so clinically and methodically laid out. There are a lot of tasks to be done, there are inadequate rewards for most of them. Your home colleagues-your family-have no clear rewards for their labor; they need to be talked into it, or if they're teenagers, threatened with complete removal of all electronic devices. Plus, they're your family. You cannot fire your family. You never really get to go home from home.

So it's not surprising that people are more stressed at home. Not only are the tasks apparently infinite, the co-workers are much harder to motivate.

21.According to Paragraph 1,most previous surveys found that home .

[A] offered greater relaxation than the workplace

[B] was an ideal place for stress measurement

[C] generated more stress than the workplace

[D] was an unrealistic place for relaxation

22. According to Damaske, who are likely to be the happiest at home?

[A] Childless wives

[B] Working mothers

[C] Childless husbands

[D] Working fathers

23. The blurring of working women's roles refers to the fact that_

[A] it is difficult for them to leave their office

[B] their home is also a place for kicking back

[C] there is often much housework left behind

[D] they are both bread winners and housewives

24.The word"'moola"(Line4,Para4)most probably means_____

[A] skills

[B] energy

[C] earnings

[D] nutrition

25.The home front differs from the workplace in that_

[A] division of labor at home is seldom clear-cut

[B] home is hardly a cozier working environment

[C] household tasks are generally more motivating

[D] family labor is often adequately rewarded

试题解析

21.根据第一段,大多数以前的研究发现家_

[A]不是休闲放松的理想场所

[B]与工作场所相比,产生了更多压力

[C]是测量压力的理想场所

[D]与工作场所相比,提供了更多的休闲

[答案] D

[解析]根据题干关键词“Paragraph 1, most previous surveys'定位到首段首句。由A new study suggests that contrary to most surveys可知most previous surveys和a new study的研究结论相反,即正确答案和people are actually more stressed at home than at work表述的意思相反。对比四个选项可知D项为正确答案。

A项属过度推理,原文虽提到在家比在工作中有更多的压力,但并不能推测出“不是休闲放松的理想场所”。B项属于偷换概念,虽首段一句出现了“more stress"以及“the workplace",但文章中是指“人们感到在家比在工作中压力更大”,而不是B项所指的“家能产生更多的压力”。C项指“家是测量压力的理想场所”,属于无中生有。

22.在Damaske看来,谁在家里最快乐?

[A]工作中的母亲。

[B]没有孩子的丈夫。

[C]没有孩子的妻子。

[D]工作中的父亲。

[答案] B

[解析]根据题干关键信息"Damaske"定位到第二段第三、四句,即Damaske的观点。这两句提到“It is men, not women, who report being happier at home than at wrk...,. but more so for nonparents.",即“研究发现是男人,而不是女人,在家比在工作中更高兴。更令人吃惊的是,这种情况对有无孩子都一样,尤其是对于没有孩子的人。”综合对比,确定B为最佳答案。A、C项两项均为反向干扰,原文说的是男人比女人在家更快乐,故排除。根据该句"but more so for nonparents"”可知D项错误,原文是没有孩子的男性,并非工作中的父亲。

23.职场女性的模糊角色指的是_

[A]她们既要在职场打拼又要照顾家庭

[B]家也是她们休息的地方

[C]有太多家务等着她们去做

[D]她们很难离开办公室

[答案] A

[解析]根据题干关键信息“blurring of ..oes’定位到第三段末句“With the blurring of roles,..”.。. 但从中并不能找到答案,故推测答案在上文,最终锁定在“For many men, the end of the workdayis .,.. with the burring ofrl..".意思是“对男性而言,一天工作结束后他们便可以休息,但对女性来说,离开办公室之后,还有很多家务活”。由此可以推出,“The blurring of working women's roles"指的是女性既要上班又要照顾家庭。综合判断,确定A项为最佳答案。

B项为反向干扰,原文指出女性下班回家后,还有很多家务要做,故排除。C项以偏概全,只强调了“the blurring roles"中“家务活”这个方面,故排除。D项是张冠李戴,选项内容属于“women who stay home的信息,故排除。

24.单词“mola"(第四段四行)的意思为_

[A]能量

[B]技能

[C]收入

[D]营养

[答案] C

[解析]根据题干关键信息“moola"(Line 4,Para. 4)”定位到第四段"Employee puts in hours of physical or mental labor and employee draws out life sustaining moola”.本句讲劳动与所得的关系,也就是雇员付出一定的体力、脑力劳动,从而得到维持生活的根据常识,可知此空应填入“收入,工资”;此外,在本段中复现'了“making money, income", 由此可进一步确定 C项为正确答案。

A项指“能量”,B项指“技能”; D项nutrition指“营养”,都不符合语义,故排除。

25.家庭和工作场所的差别在于_

[A]家不是舒适的工作环境

[B]在家里,并无明确分工

[C]家务通常更具激励性

[D]家务通常可以得到充分奖励

[答案] B

[解析]根据出题的顺序性原则,本题定位到倒数第二段首句。本句“on the home front, however, people have no such clarity",表明在家里,人们的分工不会像工作场所那么明确,从而导致女性在家里压力大,A项“division of labor at home is seldom clearcut'是对此信息的同义替换,为最佳答案。

A项属于无中生有信息。原文并未提及家务活是否更具motivating, C项无中生有。D项与原文信息"there are inadequate rewards for most of them.”不符合,属于反向干扰,故排除。

Text 2

For years, studies have found that first-generation college students- those who do not have a parent with a

college degree- lag other students on a range of education achievement factors. Their grades are lower and their dropout rates are higher. But since such students are most likely to advance economically if they succeed in higher education, colleges and universities have pushed for decades to recruit more of them. This has created“a paradox" in that recruiting first- generation students, but then watching many of them fail, means that higher education has “continued to reproduce and widen, rather than close”ab achievement gap based on social class, according to the depressing beginning of a paper forthcoming in the journal Psychological Science.

But the article is actually quite optimistic, as it outlines a potential solution to this problem, suggesting that an approach (which involves a one-hour, next-to-no-cost program) can close 63 percent of the achievement gap (measured by such factors as grades) between first- generation and other students.

The authors of the paper are from different universities, and their findings are based on a study involving 147 students ( who completed the project) at an unnamed private university. First generation was defined as not having a parent with a four-year collge degree. Most of the first-generation students(59.1 percent) were recipients of Pell Grants, a federal grant for undergraduates with financial need, while this was true only for 8.6 percent of the students wit at least one parent with a four-year degree.

Their thesis- that a relatively modest intervention could have a big impact- was based on the view that first-generation students may be most lacking not in potential but in practical knowledge about how to deal with the issues that face most college students. They cite past research by several authors to show that this is the gap that must be narrowed to close the achievement gap.

Many first- generation students“struggle to navigate the middle-class culture of higher education, learn the ‘rules of the game,' and take advantage of college resources," they write. And this becomes more of a problem when collages don't talk about the class advantage and disadvantages of different groups of students. Because US colleges and universities seldom acknowledge how social class can affect students’ educational experience, many first-generation students lack sight about why they are struggling and do not understand how students' like them can improve.

26. Recruiting more first- generation students has_

[A] reduced their dropout rates

[B] narrowed the achievement gap

[C] missed its original purpose

[D] depressed college students

27. The author of the research article are optimistic because_

[A] the problem is solvable

[B] their approach is costless

[C] the recruiting rate has increased

[D] their finding appeal to students

28. The study suggests that most first- generation students_

[A] study at private universities

[B] are from single-parent families

[C] are in need of financial support

[D] have failed their collage

29. The author of the paper believe that first-generation students.

[A] are actually indifferent to the achievement gap

[B] can have a potential influence on other students

[C] may lack opportunities to apply for research projects

[D] are inexperienced in handling their issues at college

30. We may infer from the last paragraph that_

[A] universities often reject the culture of the middle-class

[B] students are usually to blame for their lack of resources

[C] social class greatly helps enrich educational experiences

[D]colleges are partly responsible for the problem in question

[试题解析]

26.招录更多的“初代”大学生已经_

[A]降低了辍学率

[B]缩小了成就差距

[C]偏离了最初目的

[D]使大学生沮丧

[答案] C

[解析]根据题干关键词"“ecruiting more firstgeneration students”定位到第一段的第四句。 But 后内容为解题关键。本句指出在招录“初代”大学生时出现的困境及产生的不良结果,即“不断产生和扩大成就差距,而不是缩小差距”。由此证明背离了初衷。比对四个选项,确定最佳选项为C项。A项与原文的“their dropout rates are higher"矛盾,属于反向干扰,故排除。B项也是反向干扰,与原文的“rather than close"矛盾。C项属于张冠李戴,原文中的depressing是用来修饰the paper,而非大学生,故排除。

27.论文作者们很乐观是因为_

[A]此问题能解决

[B]他们的方式没有任何成本

[C]招生率已经提升了

[D]他们的发现对学生有吸引力

[答案] A

[解析]根据题干关键信息“research article are optimistic beca......定位到第二段第一句“But the

article is actually quite optimistic, as it outlines a potential solution to this problem”。as引导的句子即为正确答案所在。A项中的“this problem”是原文原词的复现,“solvable"和“solution”属 于同根替换。A项从形式、语义上都与原文符合,确定为最佳答案。

C项和D项都是无中生有,故排除; B项属于反向干扰,原文指出这个解决措施是"nexttonocost",

并非选项的"costless”.

28.研究显示大多数“初代”学生

[A]在私立学校求学

[B]来自单亲家庭

[C]需要经济资助

[D]大学过得很失败

[答案] C

[解析]根据题干关键信息“most first generation students"定位到第三段末句“Most of first generation students were recipients of Pell Grants(佩尔奖学金),a federal grant for undergraduates with financial need”。此句重在说明“初代”大学生大都接受了经济资助。比对四个选项,确定此题最佳答案为C项,其中“in need of"对应原文的“with.. .need",“financial support'’对应“financial"相对应。

A项是无中生有,原文仅提及此研究是在一个“unnamed private university"”进行, 并不是指“初代”大学生; B项和D项也属无中生有,原文未提及,故排除。

29.论文作者认为“初代”学生

[A]实际上毫不关心成就差距

[B]能潜移默化影响其他学生

[C]可能缺少申请研究项目的机会

[D]欠缺处理大学中出现问题的经验

[答案] D

[解析]根据题干关键词“the authors of the paper"定位到第四段第一句“Their thesis...that face most college students”"处。这句话中明确说到“初代”学生缺乏的不是潜能,而是处理学校问题的实际经验。D项与此信息属于同义替换,其中“are inexperienced"与原文的"lacking in practical knowledge"对应,"handling their issues"对应“how to deal with the issues",“at college"与“that face most college students”"对应。A项、B项、C项都属于无中生有,故排除。

30.从最后一段可推断出_

[A]大学经常抵制中产阶级文化

[B]学生经常因缺少资源而受责备

[C]社会阶层极大地有助于教育经历的丰富

[D]大学应为探讨中的问题负部分责任

[答案] D

[解析]根据题干关键词“infer from the last paragraph”定位到最后一段。本题是段落推理题,可以通过寻找段落中心句的方式来解。本段共三句:第一句和第二句是并列关系,均提出“初代”学生中存在的与社会.阶层有关的问题。第三句以一个"because"所引导的原因状语从句点明中心,明确该问题的来源是美国高校未承认社会阶层对学生教育经历的影响,说明高校应该为出现的问题担负部分责任。因此D项正确。A项、B项、C项在此段并未提及,属于无中生有,故排除。

Text 3

Even in traditional offices,“the lingua franca of corporate America has gotten much more emotional and much more right-brained than it was 20 years ago," said Harvard Business School professor Nancy Kochn. She started spinning off examples.“If you and I parachuted back to Fortune 500 companies in 1990, we would see much less frequent use of terms like jourmey, mission, passion. There were goals, there were strategies, there were objectives,

but we didn't talk about energy; we didn't talk about passion."

Koehn pointed out that this new era of corporate vocabulary is very“team"-oriented- and not by coincidence.

“Let's not forget sports- -in male-dominated corporate America, it's still a big deal. It's not explicitly conscious; it's the idea that I'm a coach, and you're my team, and we're in this together. There are lots and lots of CEOs in very different companies, but most think of themselves as coaches and this is their team and they want to win."

These terms are also intended to infuse work with meaning一and, as Khurana points out, increase allegiance to the firm. “You have the importation of terminology that historically used to be associated with non-profit organizations and religious organizations: Terms like vision, values, passion, and purpose," said Khurana.

This new focus on personal fulill ment can help keep employees motivated amid increasingly loud debates over work-life balance. The“mommy wars" of the 1990s are still going on today, prompting arguments about why women still can't have it all and books like Sheryl Sandberg's Lean In, whose title has become a buzzword in its , own right. Terms like unplug, of line, life-hack, bandwidth, and capacity are all about setting boundaries between the office and the home. But if your work is your“passion," you'll be more likely to devote yourself to it, even if

that means going home for dinner and then working long after the kids are in bed.

But this seems to be the irony of office speak: Everyone makes fun of it, but managers love it, companies depend on it, and regular people willingly absorb it. As Nunberg said,“You can get people to think it's nonsense at the same time that you buy into it." In a workplace that s fundamentally indifferent to your life and its meaning,office speak can help you figure out how you relate to your work- -and how your work defines who you are.

31. According to Nancy Koehn, office language has become.

[A] more emotional

[B] more objective

[C] less energetic

[D] less strategic

32. "Team"-oriented corporate vocabulary is closely related to_

[A] historical incidents

[B] gender difference

[C] sports culture

[D] athletic executives

33.Khurana believes that the importation of terminology aims to .

[A] revive historical terms

[B] promote company image

[C] foster corporate cooperation

[D] strengthen employee loyalty

34.It can be inferred that Lean In_

[A] voices for working women

[B] appeals to passionate workaholics

[C] triggers debates among mommies

[D] praises motivated employees

35.Which of the following statements is true about office speak?

[A] Managers admire it but avoid it

[B] Linguists believe it to be nonsense

[C] Companies find it to be fundamental

[D] Regular people mock it but accept it

[试题解析]

31.在Nancy Koehn看来,办公用语已经变得_

[A]更具感情

[B]更加客观

[C]缺少能量

[D]缺少策略

[答案] A

[解析]根据题干关键信息“Nancy Koehn"定位到首段首句。题干中的“office language"对应此句的“lingua franca of corporate"(公司通用语),“has become”对应“has gotten”,所以正确答案应匹配文章中的“more emotional and much more right brained"。对比各选项,可知A项为正确答案。 B项、C项、D项都是文章所列举实例,不具概括性。B项是强干扰项,文章中的objectives是名词“目标,话题"的意思,故排除。

32.以“团队”为导向的办公通用语和__密切相关。

[A]历史事件

[B]性别差异

[C]体育文化

[D]运动行政

[答案] C

[解析]根据题干关键信息“team oriented, corporate vocabulary"”定位到第二段。通读全段,答案锁定在第二、三、四句。这几句话都在举例子,作为论据论证第一句。第二句话中出现了“sports”",第三句话中出现了“coach”和“team”",第四句话中出现了“coach"和“team,win", 这些词都与运动相关,所以确定最佳答案为C项。 A项、B项、D项都是无中生有, 原文未提及相关信息,故排除。

33. Khurana认为引进术语是为了

[A]振兴过去使用的术语

[B]提升公司形象

[C]促进公司合作

[D]加强员工忠诚度

[答案] D

[解析]根据题干关键信息“importation of terminology”定位到第三段第二句。由题干中的“believe”可知本题考查观点,也即论点,所以确定本题答案应在本段的首句。首句的“are intended to”表示目的,对应题干中的“aims to”,D项“strengthen employee loyalty"对应文中的“increase allegiance to the firm”,因此为正确答案。 A项、B项、C项属于无中生有, 故排除。

34.可以推断出Lean In一书_

[A]为职业女性申辩

[B]吸引了激昂的工作狂

[C]在妈咪之间引发了争论

[D]赞扬积极的员工

[答案] A

[解析]根据题干中的“Lean In”定位到第四段第二句。第二句主要讲述了今天仍然持续着始于20世纪的90年代的“妈咪战争”,这催生了一系列诸如为何女性不能拥有一切的争论,以及像LeanIn这样的书。因此,确定此书与女性相关。此外,第一句话中出现了"work life balance", 结合二者可以推理出这句话谈论的是工作中对于女性的不公平,确定最佳答案为A项。 B项、D项属于无中生有,故排除。C项属于因果倒置,原文“妈咪战争”是催生Lean In的原.

因,而非结果,故排除。

35.关于办公用语,下列哪个选项是正确的?

[A]经理们喜欢但却避免使用。

[B]语言学家认为其一无是处。

[C]公司认为其是基础。

[D]普通大众虽戏谑,但却接受了。

[答案] D

[解析]根据题干关键信息“office speak"定位到末段首句。需特别注意这句话的结构:本句是一个转折句,包含两个不同的层面,列举了不同类别的人对“office speak"的不同态度。一比对选项,确定最佳答案为D项,选项和原文中的“regular people"属于原词复现,选项中“mock, accept"分别同义替换原文的"make fun of,absorb"。A项是反向干扰,与文中“mangers"的态度不符。B项属于无中生有,原文没有提及"linguists"的态度。C项属于推理过度,文章说的是“depend on”,并不能说明“fundamental"(根本的),故排除。

Text 4

Many people talked of the 288,000 new jobs the Labor Department reported for June, along with the drop in the unemployment rate to 6.1 percent, as good news. And they were right. For now it appears the economy is creating jobs at a decent pace. We still have a long way to go to get back to full employment, but at least we are now finally moving forward at a faster pace.

However, there is another important part of the jobs picture that was largely overlooked. There was a big jump in the number of people who repot voluntarily working part-time. This figure is now 830,000(4.4 percent)above its year ago level.

Before explaining the connection to the Obamacare, it is worth making an important distinction. Many people who work part-time jobs actually want full-timne jobs. They take part-time work because this is all they can get. An increase in involuntary part-time work is evidence of weakness in the labor market and it means that many people will be having a very hard time making ends meet.

There was an increase in involuntary part-time in June, but the general direction has been down. Involuntary part-time employment is still far higher than before the recession, but it is down by 640.000(7.9percent)from is year ago level.

We know the difference between voluntary and involuntary part-time employment because people tell us. The survey used by the Labor Department asks people is they worked less than 35 hours in the reference week. If the answer is“yes", they are classified as worked less than 35hours in that week because they wanted to work less than full time or because they had no choice .They are only classified as voluntary part-time workers if they tell the survey taker they chose to work less than 35 hours a week.

The issue of voluntary part-time relates to Obamacare because one of the main purposes was to allow people to get insurance outside of employment. For many people , especially those with serious health conditions or family members with serious health conditions ,before Obamacare the only way to get insurance was through a job that provided health insurance.

However, Obamacare has allowed more than 12 million people to either get insurance through Medicaid or the exchanges. These are people who may previously have felt the need to get a full-time job that provided insurance in order to cover themselves and their families. With Obamacare there is no longer a link between employment and insurance.

36. Which part of the jobs picture are neglected?

[A] The prospect of a thriving job market.

[B] The increase of voluntary part-time market.

[C] The possibility of full employment.

[D] The acceleration of job creation.

37. Many people work part-time because they____.

[A] prefer part-time jobs to fll-time jobs.

[B] feel that is enough to make ends meet.

[C] cannot get their hands on fll-time jobs.

[D] haven't seen the weakness of the market.

38. Involuntary part-time employment is the US___.

[A] is harder to acquire than one year ago.

[B] shows a general tendency of decline.

[C] satisfies the real need of the jobless.

[D] is lower than before the recession.

39. It can be learned that with Obamacare,____.

[A] it is no longer easy for part-timers to get insurance

[B] employment is no longer a precondition to get insurance

[C] it is still challenging to get insurance for family members

[D] fll-time employment is still essential for insurance

40. The text mainly discusses

[A] employment in the US

[B] part-timer classification

[C] insurance though Medicaid

[D] Obamacare's trouble

[试题解析]

36.工作中的哪一部分被忽略掉了?

[A]用工市场的繁荣前景。

[B]自愿兼职1工作数量的增加。

[C]全民就业的可能性。

[D]加速提供工作岗位。

[答案] B

[解析]根据题干关键信息“job pictures, neglected" 定位到第二段第一句“the jobs picture .wa. largely overlooked",其中“neglected是overlooked"的同义替换。第二句具体指出被忽略的部分是“there was a big jump . in the number of people who report voluntarily working parttime",即有大量的人自愿从事兼职工作。比对四个选项,确定正确答案为B项。其中“increase”是原文*jump"的同义替换,“voluntary parttime jobs"是“voluntarily working pattime的同义转述。A、D两项均表明就业形势良好,并没有说这种现象被忽视,与题干不相关,故排除。文中第一段只是客观描述了我们依然要走很长的路才能达到全民就业,而并不是说这种问题被忽略,故C项排除。

37.许多人从事兼职工作是因为他们

[A]与全职工作相比,更喜欢兼职工作

[B]感觉这足以平衡他们的开支

[C]不能获取全职工作

[D]未能发现市场的疲软

[答案] C

[解析]根据题干关键词“many people work parttime”定位到第三段第二句“Many people who work pattime jobs actually want fll time jobs”。由此句可知,那些从事兼职工作的人实际想拥有全日制工作。接着第三句明确指出他们从事兼职工作的原因:“They take partime because this is all they can get”。言外之意是说,人们目前只能得到兼职工作,而无法获得全职工作。故正确答案为C项。A项、B项、D项在文中均没有出现,属于无中生有。

38.美国的非自愿兼职工作

[A]与一年前相比,更难获得

[B]总体呈现下降的趋势

[C]满足了失业者真正的需求.

[D]人数比经济衰退前更少

[答案] B

[解析]根据题干关键词“involuntary pattime employment"定位到第四段第一句“An increase in

involuntary partime in June, but the general direction has been down.”此句中语义重心在转折之后,即:大致的方向依然下降,对应B项“shows a general tendency of decline"。选项中的“general tendency"同义替换general direction,而“decline" 替换“down”。A项属于过度推理,该段最后一句只是客观描述了目前的数据与一年前的水平相比下降了7.9个百分点,并没有说很难达到一年前的水平,故排除。C、D两项在文中均没有出现,属于无中生有,故排除。

39.可以得知Obamacare_

[A]加大了兼职工作者获取保险的难度

[B]就业与否不再是获取保险的前提条件

[C]使得家庭成员获取保险仍有难度

[D]全职就业仍是获取保险的关键

[答案] B

[解析]根据题干关键信息"Obamacare"以及出题顺序性原则,定位到第六段。第六段共两句话,第一句提到了Obamacare的目的,是让无业人士也可以拥有保险。第二句进一步展开说明,在Obamacare之前,人们想要获得保险必须先获得一份提供保险的工作;而Obamacare改变了这一局面。比对选项,对应B项“employment is no longer a precondition to get insurance"是对以上信息的同义改写,确定为最佳答案。A项是反向干扰,文中最后一段表明奧巴马医改正是为了使兼职员工也有可能获得保险,故排除。C项无中生有,文中并未提及家庭成员获取保险的难度,故排除。D项属反向干扰,与文中提到的它们之间的关系已经不复存在不符合,故排除。

40.这篇文章主要谈论了。

[A]美国的就业情况

[B]兼职工作的分类

[C]医疗救济保险

[D]奥巴马医改的困境

[答案] A

[解析]本题难度稍大,建议归纳各段要点,综合排除得出正确答案。文章首段指出目前的失业率呈现出下降的趋势;第二段提出在这种失业率下降的好现象中,我们忽略了那些自愿(voluntary)参加兼职工作的人。第三段就自愿兼职工作者和非自愿兼职工作者的区别展开描述。最后两段表明,那些自愿参加兼职工作的人是因为有了一项名为Obamacare的政策,该政策旨在使那些没有全职工作的人也有可能获得保险,从而提升就业率。可见,全文都是围绕美国的就业形势展开讨论。故A项正确。B项无中生有。C项中的“Medicaid"仅出现在文章结尾,属于细节干扰。D项与作者立场相反,故排除。

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