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2017年考研英语一阅读理解真题及参考答案
Section II Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions:
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)
Text 1
First two hours,now three hours- this is how far in advance authorities are recommending people show up to catch a domestic flight , at least at some major U.S. airports with increasingly massive security lines.
Americans are willing to tolerate time-consuming security procedures in return for increased safety. The crash of Egypt Air Flight 804, which terrorists may have downed over the Mediterranean Sea, provides another tragic reminder of why. But demanding too much of air travelers or providing too little security in return undermines public support for the process. And it should: Wasted time is a drag on Americans' economic and private lives, not to mention infuriating.
Last year, the Transportation Security Administration (TSA) found in a secret check that undercover investigators were able to sneak weapons - both fake and real- past airport security nearly every time they tried.
Enhanced security measures since then, combined with a rise in airline travel due to the improving economy and low oil prices, have resulted in long waits at major airports such as Chicago's O'Hare International. It is not yet clear how much more effective airline security has become- - but the lines are obvious.
Part of the issue is that the government did not anticipate the steep increase in airline travel, so the TSA is now rushing to get new screeners on the line. Part of the issue is that airports have only so much room for screening lanes.
Another factor may be that more people are trying to overpack their carry-on bags to avoid checked-baggage fees, though the airlines strongly dispute this.
There is one step the TSA could take that would not require remodeling airports or rushing to hire: Enroll more people in the PreCheck program. PreCheck is supposed to be a win-win for travelers and the TSA. Passengers who pass a background check are eligible to use expedited screening lanes. This allows the TSA to focus on travelers who are higher risk, saving time for everyone involved. The TSA wants to enroll 25 million people in PreCheck.
It has not gotten anywhere close to that, and one big reason is sticker shock: Passengers must pay $85 every five years to process their background checks. Since the beginning, this price tag has been PreCheck's fatal flaw.
Upcoming reforms might bring the price to a more reasonable level. But Congress should look into doing so directly,by helping to finance PreCheck enrollment or to cut costs in other ways.
The TSA cannot continue diverting resources into underused PreCheck lanes while most of the traveling public suffers in unnecessary lines. It is long past time to make the program work.
21. The crash of Egypt Air Flight 804 is mentioned to
[A] stress the urgency to strengthen security worldwide.
[B] explain Americans' tolerance of current security checks.
[C] highlight the necessity of upgrading major U.S airports.
[D] emphasis the importance of privacy protection.
22. Which of the following contributions to long waits at major airports?
[A] New restrictions on carry-on bags.
[B] The declining efficiency of the TSA.
[C] An increase in the number of travelers.
[D] Frequent unexpected secret checks.
23.The word "expedited" (Line 4, Para.5) is closest in meaning to
[A] quieter.
[B] faster.
[C] wider.
[D] cheaper.
24. One problem with the PreCheck program is
[A] A dramatic reduction of its scale.
[B] Its wrongly-directed implementation.
[C] The government's reluctance to back it.
[D] An unreasonable price for enrollment.
25. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?
[A] Getting Stuck in Security Lines
[B] PreCheck- a Belated Solution
[C] Less Screening for More Safety
[D] Underused PreCheck Lanes .
【答案解析】
21、
[答案] B
[解析]根据题干关键词定位到文章第二段句The crash of Egypt Air Flight 804, which terrorists may have downed over the Mediterranean Sea, provides another tragic reminder of why. (埃及航空804号航班坠毁的悲剧再一次提醒了 人们安检的重要性,该航班可能是在地中海上空被恐怖分子击落的。)这里相当于举例,目的是证明论点,因此正确答案的位置很有可能在定位句的上一句,即第二段: Americans are willing to tolerate time -consuming security procedures in return for in creased safety.也即提及此事的目的是为了解释美国人愿意容忍目前耗时的安检程序,以换取更高的安全性。故选项B为正确答案。
22、
[答案] C
[解析]根据题干关键词定位到文章第三段句Enhanced security measures since then, combined with a rise in airline travel due to the improving economy and low oil prices, have resulted in long waits at major airports such as Chicago's O'Hare International. (从那以后机场便加强了安保措施,而且经济状况改善和低油价使得航空旅行人数增加,导致了旅客在芝加哥奥黑而国际机场等主要机场的等待时间漫长。)本句中的have resulted in相当于题干中的contributes to,由此句可知有两个原因导致长时间排队:一个是enhanced security measures since then(从那以后机场便加强了安保措施),另一个是a rise in airline travel (航空旅行人数增加),后者相当于选项C,故该项正确。
23、
[答案] B
[解析]解决此类题目的关键是结合上下文猜测该单词的含义。文章在前四段说明美国机场安检存在效率地下的问题。第五段首句建议了一项解决措施:可以让更多的人加入预检程序,预检对于旅客和美国运输安全管理局来说应该是一项双赢的措施。 接下来句Passengers who pass a background check are eligible to use expedited screening lanes解释了参加预检程序、通过背景调查的人有资格享受什么便利,故可推断expedited应体现安检效率的提高,选项B符合题目要求,故正确。
24、
[答案] D
[解析]根据题干关键词定位到文章第六段句: It has not gotten anywhere close to that, and one big reason is sticker shock: Passengers must pay $85 every five years to process their background checks.冒号之后的信息具体解释了预检程序的问题之一:乘客必须每五年支付85美元进行背景调查。由此可知,收费不合理是其中一个问题所在。选项D刚好体现此内容,故为正确答案。
25、
[答案] A
[解析]解答此类题目的思路为:做完前四道题,大体猜出文章的中心,然后再通读各段首句,验证文章的中心。文章在前面的段落说明了美国机场安检出现的问题一排队时间长,然后在后面的段落提出了解决措施—让更多的人加入预检程序,随后又说明了该程序的缺陷,提到问题还没有得到最终解决。选项A刚好能体现此信息,故该项正确。
Text 2
“The ancient Hawaiians were astronomers," wrote Queen Liliuokalani, Hawaii's last reigning monarch, in 1897.
Star watchers were among the most esteemed members of Hawaiian society. Sadly, all is not well with astronomy in Hawaii today. Protests have erupted over construction of the Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT), a giant observatory that promises to revolutionize humanity's view of the cosmos.
At issue is the TMT's planned location on Mauna Kea, a dormant volcano worshiped by some Hawaiians as the piko, that connects the Hawaiian Islands to the heavens. But Mauna Kea is also home to some of the world's most powerful telescopes. Rested in the Pacific Ocean, Mauna Kea's peak rises above the bulk of our planet's dense atmosphere, where conditions allow telescopes to obtain images of unsurpassed clarity.
Opposition to telescopes on Mauna Kea is nothing new. A small but vocal group of Hawaiians and environments have long viewed their presence as disrespect for sacred land and a painful reminder of the occupation of what was once a sovereign nation.
Some blame for the current controversy belongs to astronomers. In their eagerness to build bigger telescopes, they forgot that science is not the only way of understanding the world. They did not always prioritize the protection of Mauna Kea's fragile ecosystems or its holiness to the island's inhabitants. Hawaiian culture is not a relic of the past; it is a living culture undergoing a renaissance today.
Yet science has a cultural history, too, with roots going back to the dawn of civilization. The same curiosity to find what lies beyond the horizon that first brought early Polynesians to Hawaii's shores inspires astronomers today to explore the heavens. Calls to disassemble all telescopes on Mauna Kea or to ban future development there ignore the reality that astronomy and Hawaiian culture both seek to answer big questions about who we are, where we come from and where We are going. Perhaps that is why we explore the starry skies, as if answering a primal calling to know ourselves and our true ancestral homes.
The astronomy community is making compromises to change its use of Mauna Kea. The TMT site was chosen to minimize the telescope's visibility around the island and to avoid archaeological and environmental impact. To limit the number of telescopes on Mauna Kea, old ones will be removed at the end of their lifetimes and their sites returned to a natural state. There is no reason why everyone cannot be welcomed on Mauna Kea to embrace their
cultural heritage and to study the stars.
26. Queen Liliuokalani's remark in Paragraph 1 indicates
[A] its conservative view on the historical role of astronomy.
[B] the importance of astronomy in ancient Hawaiian society.
[C] the regrettable decline of astronomy in ancient times.
[D] her appreciation of star watchers' feats in her time.
27. Mauna Kea is deemed as an ideal astronomical site due to
[A] its geographical features
[B] its protective surroundings.
[C] its religious implications.
[D] its existing infrastructure.
28. The construction of the TMT is opposed by some locals partly because
[A] it may risk ruining their intellectual life.
[B] it reminds them of a humiliating history.
[C] their culture will lose a chance of revival.
[D] they fear losing control of Mauna Kea.
29. It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that progress in today's astronomy
[A] is fulfilling the dreams of ancient Hawaiians.
[B] helps spread Hawaiian culture across the world.
[C] may uncover the origin of Hawaiian culture.
[D] will eventually soften Hawaiians' hostility.
30. The author's attitude toward choosing Mauna Kea as the TMT site is one of
[A] severe criticism.
[B] passive acceptance.
[C] slight hesitancy.
[D] full approval.
【答案解析】
26、
[答案] B
[解析]根据题干关键词定位到文章第一段句①。接下来的句②进一步解释: Star watchers were among the most esteemed members of Hawaiian society. (观星师是夏威夷社会最受尊敬的群体之一。)可见,天文学在古代夏威夷是很受重视的,选项B刚好体现此信息,故该项正确。
27、
[答案] A
[解析]根据题干关键词定位到文章第二段。该段- -共有三句话,每句都体现了冒纳凯阿火山的重要性,特别是最后一句Rested in the Pacific Ocean, Mauna Kea's peak rises above the bulk of our planet's dense atmosphere, where conditions allow telescopes to obtain images of unsurpassed clarity. (冒纳凯阿火山坐落于太平洋中,山顶高出地球大部分的浓密大气,这些条件使望远镜可获得无比清晰的图像。)由此可知其地理优势。故选项A正确。
28、
[答案] B
[解析]根据题干关键词定位到第三段。句①先讲“反对建造望远镜并不是什么新鲜事”。接下来句②解释了反对的原因: A small but vocal group of Hawaiians and environments have long viewed their presence as disrespect for sacred land and a painful reminder of the occupation of what was once a sovereign nation.(一群人数不多但反对意见强烈的夏威夷人和环保主义者长期以来一-直将这些望远镜的存在视为对这一神圣土地的不敬,也在提醒人们这个曾经的主权国家遭到令人心痛的占领。)选项B刚好体现了“提醒人们夏威夷的屈辱过去”这个原因,故为正确答案。
29、
[答案] A
[解析]根据题干关键词定位到文章第五段。该段前两句讲,夏威夷文明的开端与当代天文学家开始探索太空都是好奇心使然。句③和句④有提到: .. astronomy and Hawaiian culture both seek to answer big questions about who we are, where we come from and where we are going. Perhaps that is why we explore the stary skies, as if answering a primal calling to know ourselves and our true ancestral homes. ....天文学与夏威夷文化都在寻找几个重要问题的答案:我们是谁,我们从哪里来,以及我们要到哪里去。也许这就是我们探索星空的原因,就像在回应--种原始的呼唤,了解我们自己和我们真正的根。)故可推知,当今天文学与古代夏威夷文化有好多共性,当今天文学的发展是古代夏威夷人天文事业的延续,实则暗示“正在实现古代夏威夷人的梦想”。选项A正确。
30、
[答案] D
[解析]解决此题的关键是在对应段落中找到作者态度的标志。根据题:干关键词定位到文章最后一段。该段最后一句提到: There is no reason why everyone cannot be welcomed on Mauna Kea to embrace their cultural heritage and to study the stars.(每个人都应该有权到冒纳阿火山拥抱他们的文化遗产并研究星空。)由此可知,作者对于选择冒纳凯阿火山作为“30米望远镜”台址的态度是支持的。故选项D正确。
Text 3
Robert F. Kennedy once said that a country's GDP measures “everything except that which makes life worthwhile." With Britain voting to leave the European Union, and GDP already predicted to slow as a result, it is now a timely moment to assess what he was referring to.
The question of GDP and its usefulness has annoyed policymakers for over half a century. Many argue that it is a flawed concept. It measures things that do not matter and misses things that do. By most recent measures, the UK's GDP has been the envy of the Western world, with record low unemployment and high growth figures. If everything was going so well, then why did over 17 million people vote for Brexit, despite the warnings about what it could do to their country's economic prospects?
A recent annual study of countries and their ability to convert growth into well-being sheds some light on that question. Across the 163 countries measured, the UK is one of the poorest performers in ensuring that economic growth is translated into meaningful improvements for its citizens. Rather than just focusing on GDP, over 40 different sets of criteria from health, education and civil society engagement have been measured to get a more rounded assessment of how countries are performing.
While all of these countries face their own challenges, there are a number of consistent themes . Yes , there has been a budding economic recovery since the 2008 global crash,but in key indicators in areas such as health and education,major economies have continued to decline. Yet this isn't the case with all countries. Some relatively poor European countries have seen huge improvements across measures including civil society, income equality and environment.
This is a lesson that rich countries can learn: When GDP is no longer regarded as the sole measure of a country's success, the world looks very different.
So, what Kennedy was referring to was that while GDP has been the most common method for measuring the economic activity of nations, as a measure, it is no longer enough. It does not include important factors such as environmental quality or education outcomes - all things that contribute to a person's sense of well-being.
The sharp hit to growth predicted around the world and in the UK could lead to a decline in the everyday services we depend on for our well-being and for growth. But policymakers who refocus efforts on improving well-being rather than simply worrying about GDP figures could avoid the forecasted doom and may even see progress.
31.Robert F. Kennedy is cited because he
[A]praised the UK for its GDP.
[B]identified GDP with happiness
[C]misinterpreted the role of GDP.
[D]had a low opinion of GDP.
32.It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that
[A]the UK is reluctant to remold its economic pattern.
[B]GDP as the measure of success is widely defied in the UK.
[C]the UK will contribute less to the world economy.
[D]policymakers in the UK are paying less attention to GDP.
33.Which of the following is true about the recent annual study ?
[A]It is sponsored by 163 countries .[B]t excludes GDP as an indicator.
[C]its criteria are questionable .
[D]Its results are enlightening.
34.In the last two paragraphs, the author suggests that
[A]the UK is preparing for an economic boom.
[B]high GDP foreshadows an economic decline.
[C]it is essential to consider factors beyond GDP.
[D]it requires caution to handle economic issues.
35.' which of the following is the best title for the text ?
[A]High GDP But Inadequate Well-being, a UK Lesson
[B]GDP Figures , a Window on Global Economic Health
[C]Rebort F. Kennedy , a Terminator of GDP
[D]Brexit, the UK's Gateway to Well-being
【答案解析】
31、
[答案] D
[解析]根据题干关键词定位到文章第一段句①: Robert F. Kennedy once said that a country's GDP measures “everything except that which makes life worthwhile." (罗伯特●F肯尼迪曾经说过,一国的国内生产总值(CDP)可以衡量“一切,除了让生活变得有价值的事情”。)由此可知,罗伯特●F肯尼迪对GDP评价不高,选项D正确。
32、
[答案] B
[解析]解答此题的关键是通读对应段后找到四个选项的位置,看哪一个选项与段落中的某句话意思相同。第二段句④和句⑤提到: By most recent measures, the UK's GDP has been the envy of the Western world, with record low unemployment and high growth figures. If everything was going so well, then why did over 17 million people vote for Brexit, despite the warnings about what it could do to their country's economic prospects? (通过新近的几项举措,英国的GDP一直都是西方世界所羡慕的,有着史上最低的失业率和高速增长的数字。如果一切都发展得那么顺利,那么为什么会有超过1700万人投票支持英国退欧,而不顾退欧可能给英国经济前景带来影响的警告?)由此可知,英国对GDP并不买账,与此信息相对应的选项刚好是B,故该项正确。
33、
[答案] D
[解析]根据题干关键词定位到文章第三段。该段首句便体现了题干关键词信息: A recent annual study of countries and their ability to convert growth into well- being sheds some light on that question. (最近的一项年度研究调研了各国及其将经济增长转换为幸福安康的能力,使人们对这一问题有了些许了解。)该句说明了此项研究调研的方面以及研究的收获。此信息刚好对应选项D。
34、
[答案] C
[解析]解答此类题目时,关键是要通读段落、找到四个选项在段落中的位置,正确答案则是段落中某句话的同义替换。通读第六段,首句提到So, what Kennedy was referring to was that while GDP has been the most common method for measuring the economic activity of nations, as a measure, it is no longer enough. (所以,肯尼迪指的是,虽然GDP一直是衡量各国经济活动最常见的方法,但是它不足以作为衡量的唯一标准。 )由此可知,GDP不是唯一的 衡量标准。接下来的句②进一步解释: GDP未包含形成人们幸福感的因素。第七段又讲:应该重新专注与改善民生,而不仅仅是担心GDP的数字。选项C刚好符合此意,特别是选项中的beyond GDP,故该项正确。
35、
[答案] A
[解析]解答此类题目的关键是:通过做完前四道题,大体猜出文章的中心,再通读各段首句验证中心。本文先通过罗伯特●F肯尼迪的GDP观点引出了英国脱欧的话题,接下来的段落作者用大量的事实说明了重视GDP的同时还应当考虑其他因素,文章的结尾段提到了民生(或幸福安康)这个重要因素。能够与这些信息相匹配的选项刚好是A。
Text 4
In a rare unanimous ruling, the U.S Supreme Court has over turned the corruption conviction of a former Virginia governor, Robert McDonnell. But it did so while holding its nose at the ethics of his conduct, which included accepting gifts such as a Rolex watch and a Ferrari Automobile from a company seeking access to government.
The high court's decision said the judge in Mr. McDonnell's trial failed to tell a jury that it must look only at his“official acts," or the former governor' s decisions on “specific" " and “unsettled" issues related to his duties.
Merely helping a gift-giver gain access to other officials, unless done with clear intent to pressure those officials, is not corruption, the justices found.
The court did suggest that accepting favors in return for opening doors is “distasteful" and “nasty." But under anti-bribery laws, proof must be made of concrete benefits, such as approval of a contract or regulation. Simply arranging a meeting, making a phone call, or hosting an event is not an “official act".
The court's ruling is legally sound in defining a kind of favoritism that is not criminal. Elected leaders must be allowed to help supporters deal with bureaucratic problems without fear of prosecution of bribery." The basic compact underlying representative government," wrote Chief Justice John Roberts for the court," assumes that public officials will hear from their constituents and act on their concerns.'
But the ruling reinforces the need for citizens and their elected representatives, not the courts, to ensure equality of access to government. Officials must not be allowed to play favorites in providing information or in arranging meetings simply because an individual or group provides a campaign donation or a personal gift. This type of integrity requires well-enforced laws in government transparency, such as records of official meetings, rules on lobbying, and information about each elected leader's source of wealth.
Favoritism in official access can fan public perceptions of corruption. But it is not always corruption. Rather officials must avoid double standards, or different types of access for average people and the wealthy. If connections can be bought, a basic premise of democratic society- -that all are equal in treatment by government- is undermined.
Good governance rests on an understanding of the inherent worth of each individual.
The court's ruling is a step forward in the struggle against both corruption and official favoritism.
36. The underlined sentence (Para.1) most probably shows that the court
[A] avoided defining the extent of McDonnell's duties.
[B] made no compromise in convicting MeDonnell.
[C] was contemptuous of MeDonnell's conduct.
[D] refused to comment on MeDonnell's ethics.
37. According to Paragraph 4, an official act is deemed corruptive only if it involves.
[A] leaking secrets intentionally.
[B] sizable gains in the form of gifts.
[C] concrete returns for gif-givers.
[D] breaking contracts officially.
38. The court's ruling is based on the assumption that public officials are
[A] justified in addressing the needs of their constituents.
[B] qualified to deal independently with bureaucratic issues.
[C] allowed to focus on the concerns of their supporters.
[D] exempt from conviction on the charge of favoritism.
39. Well-enforced laws in government transparency are needed to
[A] awaken the conscience of officials.
[B] guarantee fair play in official access.
[C] allow for certain kinds of lobbying.
[D] inspire hopes in average people.
40. The author's attitude toward the court's ruling is
[A] sarcastic.
[B] tolerant.
[C] skeptical.
[D] supportive
【答案解析】
36、
[答案] C
[解析]解答此题的关键是理解.上下文的含义。画线句的上文讲,美国最高法院推翻了对弗吉尼亚州前州长罗伯特唛克唐奈贪腐案的定罪判决,而画线句的开头是转折词but,语意一转,说明法院虽然最终推翻了判决,但是对其不道德的行为标示嗤之以鼻,后面的段落则进一步说明了法院不支持麦克唐奈的行为,可见,选项C刚好符合此意,故为正确答案。
37、
[答案] C
[解析]根据题干关键词定位到第四段。该段句①提到: The court did suggest that accepting favors in return for opening doors is“distasteful" and“nasty." (法院确实标示因提供方便而收受好处的行为是“令人反感的”和“可恶的”。)紧接着句②又提到: But under anti- bribery laws, proof must be made of concrete benefits... (但根据反贿赂法,必须提供给予具体方便的证据....。可知,公务行为若被认定为腐败须满足两个条件:一是为送礼者提供方便而收受好处,二是提供给予具体方便的证据。选项A符合此意,故为正确答案。
38、
[答案] A
[解析]根据题干关键词定位到文章第五段尾句: The basic compact underlying representative government," wrote Chief Justice John Roberts for the court,“assumes that public officials will hear from their constituents and act on their concerns."(最高法院首席法官约翰●罗伯茨在法庭意见中写道:“基于基本协定的代议制政府假定公职官员将听从选民的呼声,并针对他们关注的问题采取行为。”)题干中的assumption对应该句中的assumes;该句中的hear from their constituents and act on their concerns 对应选项A中addressing the needs of their constituents,故该项为正确答案。
39、
[答案] B
[解析]根据题干关键词定位到文章第六段。句③体现了题干关键词信息,但是能体现目的的是该段首句:But the ruling reinforces the need for citizens and their elected representatives, not the courts, to ensure equality of access to government.(但是,这项裁决强化了公民及其所选代表[非法院]确保与政府平等接触的必要性。)句中的ensure equality刚好与选项B中的guarantee fair play相对应,故该项正确。
40、
[答案] D
[解析]解答此类题目的关键是在对应段落中定位后找到作者态度的标志。根据题干关键词定位到文章最后一段:The court's ruling is a step forward in the struggle against both corruption and official favoritism. (法院的裁决是打击腐败和官方偏袒行为过程中向前迈出的重要一步。 )由此可知,作者的态度是支持的,选项D刚好可以体现,故为正确答案。
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三师服务丨全程规划丨大咖领学
三师服务丨全程规划丨大咖领学
三师服务丨全程规划丨大咖领学