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2018年考研英语一完形填空真题及参考答案

Section I Use of English

Directions:

Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)

Trust is a tricky business. On the one hand, it's a necessary condition（1）many worthwhile things: child care, friendships, etc. On the other hand, putting your. （2）in the wrong place often carries a high （3）.

（4） why do we trust at all? Well, because it feels good（5）people place their trust in an individual or an institution, their brains release oxytocin, a hormone that（6）pleasurable feelings and triggers the herding instruct that prompts humans to（7）with one another. Scientists have found that exposure （8）this hormone puts us in a trusting （9） In a Swiss

study, researchers sprayed oxytocin into the noses of half the subjects; those subjects were ready to lend significantly higher amounts of money to strangers than were their（10）who inhaled something else.

（11）for us, we also have a sixth sense for dishonesty that may （12）us. A Canadian study found that children as young as 14 months can differentiate （13）a credible person and a dishonest one. Sixty toddlers were each（14）to an adult tester holding a plastic container, The tester would ask, “What's in here?" before looking into the container, smiling, and exclaiming, “Wow!" Each subject was then invited to look（15）. Half of them found a toy; the other half （16） the container was empty-and realized the tester had （17）them.

Among the children who had not been tricked, the majority were（18）to cooperate with the tester in learning a new skill, demonstrating that they trusted his leadership.（19）only five of the 30 children paired with the“（20）" tester participated in a follow-up activity。

1.[A] on         [B] like            [C] for           [D] from .

2. [A] faith              [B] concern          [C] attention         [D] interest

3. [A] benefit          [B] debt         [C] hope .            [D] price :

4. [A] Therefore             [B] Then               [C] Instead           [D] Again

5. [A]Until .            [B] Unless             [C] Although .             [D] When

6. [A] selects           [B] produces        [C] applies            [D] maintains

7. [A] consult          [B] compete         [C] connect          [D] compare

8. [A] at           [B] by            [C]of             [D]to

9. [A] context          [B] mood             [C] period            [D] circle

10.[A] counterparts              [B] substitutes             [C] colleagues             [D]supporters

11.[A] Funny          [B] Lucky              [C] Odd        [D] Ironic

12.[A] monitor              [B] protect            [C] surprise          [D] delight

13.[A] between              [B] within             [C] toward            [D] over

14.[A] transferred          [B] added             [C] introduced             [D] entrusted

15.[A] out .            [B] back        [C] around           [D] inside

16.[A] discovered          [B] proved            [C] insisted           [D] .remembered

17.[A] betrayed             [B]wronged          [C] fooled             [D] mocked

18.[A] forced          [B] willing .          [C] hesitant          [D] entitled

19.[A] In contrast          [B] As a result              [C] On the whole               [D] For instance

20.[A] inflexible             [B] incapable               [C] unreliable              [D] unsuitable

【答案解析】

1、

[答案] [C] for

[解析]此处考察介词的用法。it's a necessary condition,many worthwhile things (信任是一个必要条件_许多重要事情)此处应该是说，信任对许多重要事情来说是一个必要条件。C选项for(对..来说)符合语义，故为正确答案;D选项from(来自于)，B选项like(..) A选项on(关于)语义不恰当，故排除。

2、

[答案] [A] fath

[解析]此处考察词义辨析和中心一致性 原则。第一段首句提出主题句: trust is a tricky business (信任是一个奇怪的东西)。后面进一步对该主题句进行解释说明: On the one hand, it's a necessary condition _fo many worthwhile things: child care, friendships, etc. (-方面，信任对许多重要事情来说是必要条件，比如照看孩子，友谊等),这句话在说信任的好处。On the other hand, putting your___ in the wrong place often carries a high(另一方面，把...放在错误的地方往往会带来巨大..)，显然这句话依旧在解释主题词"“trust”"，只有A选项faith(信任、忠诚)与trust属于近义词复现，故正确答案为[A] faith。

3、

[答案] [D] price

[解析]此处考察词义辨析。第一段首句提出主题句: trust is a tricky business(信任是一个奇怪的东西)。后面进一步对该 主题句进行解释说明: On the one hand, it's a necessary condition_ for_ many worthwhile things: child care,friendships, etc. (一方面，信任对许多重要事情来说是必要条件，比如照看孩子，友谊等)，这句话在说信任的好处。On the other hand, putting your in the wrong place often carries a high__. (另一方面，把..放在错误的地方往往会带来巨..)，显然这句话依旧在解释主题词“trust”,并且根据空格所在句中的关键词“wrong place”",本句应该在说信任不当的弊端，所以空格处应该填入一个负向感情色彩的词，故A选项benefit和C选项hope排除，而B选项debt(债务)带入之后语义不当，故正确答案为[D] price(代价)。

4、

[答案] [B] Then

[解析]此处考察逻辑关系。上段讲述的是信任的好处和信任不当的弊端。第二段段首提出问题:“___我们为什么要信任”。只有B选项then(那么)填入后能形成顺畅的语义和逻辑关系。故正确答案为B then(那么)。D选项again( 再次)表示强调;C选项instead(但是、然而)表示转折;A选项therefore(因此)表示结果，不符合要求，故排除。

5、

[答案] [D] When .

[解析]此处考察逻辑关系。空格所在句含义为:人们信任一个人或一个组织机构，他们的大脑会释放催产素。只有D选项when(当..时候)填入后符合逻辑要求,故正确答案为D选项when。其他三个选项B选项unless(如果不)表条件，C选项although(尽管)表让步，A选项until(直到..)表时间，带入后均语义不通顺，故排除。

6、

[答案] [B] produce

[解析]此处考察动宾搭配问题。上文指出: When people place their trust in an ..their brains release oxytocin, a hormone.. 上文指出当人们产生信任感，大脑就会产生一种荷尔蒙，后面是定语从句，句内的动宾搭配，可推知这个荷尔蒙能产生令人愉悦的情绪，并且与后面的trigger同义复现，因此B.produce正确。

7、

[ 答案] [C] connect

[解析]此处考察上下文信息照应题。上文讲到这种荷尔蒙能够激发一种群居本能,the herding instinct that leads sheep to flock together for safety and promote ..wit one another,这种本能有两个作用，并用and连接，所以复现同义and前面的flock together.因此选择C. connect

8、

[答案] [D] to

[解析]此处考察上下语境下的名词介词搭配问题。根据上文的结论，下文实验展开分析，Swiss scientists have found that exposure to this hormone puts ...所以研究中要求受试者要先处于这种环境中，所以名词exposure to构成搭配语义关系，表示“接触”的意思，因此选择to。

9、

[答案] [B] mood

[解析]此处考察上下文的信息对应和句内信息对应。上文提到身体会产生荷尔蒙， 会给你带来一种愉悦 的情绪pleasurable feelings， 这个上文结论。实验中exposure to this hormone puts us in a trusting ...因此，根据上下文，试验中，处于这种荷尔蒙环境中，会给人带来情绪;语气;心境;。因此选择mood。

10、

[答案] [A] counterparts

[解析]此处考察上下文的信息对应和句内信息对应。上文指出， In a study, researchers sprayed oxytocin into the noses of half the subjects ,可推知本句再讲与另外一组受试者比较。故选择A。counterparts. 相对物，相对应的人。

11、

[答案] [B] Lucky .

[解析]此处考察上下文的逻辑关系。因为这个句子当中有个词also,说明前文和后文情感是一致的关系。 说我们有这两种天赋，对大家来说都是好事，所以需要选择一个正向的情感色彩。只能选择lucky。C选项odd奇怪的是，A选项funny有趣的是，D选项ironic讽刺的是，皆不符合文意。

12、

[答案] [B] protect

[解析]此处考察上下文的成分搭配。因为这个句子当中有个词also,说明前文和后文情感是并列平行关系，前后情感应该一致。所以此处只能选择protect 保护我们，符合文意。D选项delight使高兴;C选项surprise 使震惊;A选项monitor监控皆不符合文意。

13、

[答案] [A] between

[解析]此处考察固定搭配。differentiate between D and B.介词between表示在D和B之间，原文含义为:“4个月大的孩子可以区分出一个可信的人和一个不诚实的人”。

14、

[答案] [C] introduced

[解析]此处考察成分搭配。原文表达: Sixty toddlers were each_to an adult tester holding a plastic container.只有C选项be introduced to sth表示“初次认识某事物”，符合文意。A选项added添加;B选项transferred转移;D选项entrusted 委托，皆不符合文意。

15、

[答案] [D] inside

[解析]此处考察介词搭配及词义复现。原文表达:“What's in here?" before looking into the container..... Each subject was then invited to只有选择D选项inside才能和前文所表达的inhere和looking into一脉相承。

16、

[答案] [A] discovered

[解析]此处考察词义复现，属于句子内部的显性线索。根据原文Half of them found a toy; the other half 16 the container was empty...这是用分号并列的连个句子，都是在讲试验的结果句型结构基本一致， 前半句再讲一半的受测者在盒子里面找到了玩具，后半句肯定是再说另半会怎么样，两个小分句的结构基本一致Half of them = the other half, found=16, a toy= the container was empty，所以16题填入的应该是found的同义词，发现的含义，故A为正确选项。

17、

[答案] [C] fooled .

[解析]此处句间逻辑关系，属于句子内部的显性线索。- -and realized the tester had 17 them,此句位于破折号后面，是对前面意思的解释说明。前面提到另一半人发现盒子是空的，并且意识到测试者对他们怎么样，既然盒子是空的那么肯定认识到测试者是在戏弄他们，所以作对此题必须要理解tester测试者是主语，宾语是them指的是受测者，主语的意思决定了谓语动词的含义为戏弄，故C fooled 为正确选项。

18、

[答案] [B] willing

[解析]此处考察搭配关系，属于句子内部的显性线索。Among the children who had not been tricked, the majority were 18 to cooperate with the tester in learning a new skill, demonstrating that they trusted his leadership.根据句子结构我们可以看出逗号之前是一个介词短语意为在所有没有被戏弄过的孩子里面，大多数的孩子在习得-种新技能的时候与测试者的合作是怎么样的，demonstrating that they trusted his leadership表明这些孩子信任他的领导，所以既然信任他们就是愿意与其合作，故选择B. willing，与 were willing to构成固定搭配，意为愿意。

19、

[ 答案] [A] In contrast

[解析]此处考察句间的逻辑关系。19, only five of the 30 children paired with the “20”tester participated in a follow-up activity. 通过该句中的only仅仅，可以看出与上文的the majority of形成鲜明的对比，19题应该填入的应该是表示转折，与上文形成对比的逻辑关系词。分析四个选项D表示总结，B表示结果，C表示举例子，只有A表示转折，对比，故A为正确选项。

20、

[ 答案] [C] unreliable

[解析]此处考察词义辨析。19, only five of the 30 children paired with the “20”tester participated in a follow-up activity.该句含义为:在接下来的活动中30个孩子中只有5个孩子与……样的测试者能合作，所以结合上文提到的大部分孩子信任测试者，但是5/30属于一小部分，大部分对应的是信任，那么小比例的对应的是不信任，所以tester的修饰词应该为C, unreliable 不可靠的，不可信任的，故C为正确选项。