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2018年考研英语一翻译真题及参考答案

PartC

Directions:

Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)

Shakespeare's life time was coincident with a period of extraordinary activity and achievement in the drama. By the date of his birth Europe was witnessing the passing of the religious drama, and the creation of new forms under the incentive of classical tragedy and comedy. These new forms were at first mainly written by scholars and performed by amateurs, but in England, as everywhere else in western Europe, the growth of a class of professional actors was threatening to make the drama popular, whether it should be new or old, classical or medieval, literary or farcical. Court, school organizations of amateurs, and the traveling actors were all rivals in supplying a widespread desire for dramatic entertainment; and (47). no boy who went a grammar school could be ignorant that the drama was a form of literature which gave glory to Greece and Rome and might yet bring honor to England.

When Shakespeare was twelve years old, the first public playhouse was built in London. For a time literature showed no interest in this public stage. Plays aiming at literary distinction were written for school or court, or for the choir boys of St. Paul's and the royal chapel, who, however, gave plays in public as well as at court.(48)but the professional companies prospered in their permanent theaters, and university men with literature ambitions were guick to turn to these theaters as offering a means of livelihood. By the time Shakespeare was twenty-five, Lyly, Peele, and Greene had made comedies that were at once popular and literary; Kyd had written a tragedy that crowded the pit; and Marlowe had brought poetry and genius to triumph on the common stage - where they had played no part since the death of Euripides. (49)A native literary drama had been created. its alliance with_ the public playhouses established, and at least some of its great traditions had been begun.

The development of the Elizabethan drama for the next twenty-five years is of exceptional interest to students of literary history, for in this brief period we may trace the beginning, growth, blossoming, and decay of many kinds of plays, and of many great careers. We are amazed today at the mere number of plays produced, as well as by the number of dramatists writing at the same time for this London of two hundred thousand inhabitants. (50)To realize how great was the dramatic activity. we must remember further that hosts of plays have been lost, and that probably there is no author of note whose entire work has survived.

【答案解析】

(46)

By the date of his birth Europe was witnessing the passing of the religious drama, and the creation of new forms under the incentive of classical tragedy and comedy.

[句子结构]

and并列两个句子，主干分别为: ..Europe was witnessing the passing ... and the creation of .o. the :religious drama为定语修饰the passing; under the incentive of classical tragedy and comedy为状语

[参考译文]

莎士比亚出生之时，欧洲宗教戏剧正在消逝，在古典悲剧和戏剧的推动下，很多新的戏剧形式应运而生。

(47)

no boy who went to a grammar school could be ignorant that the drama was a form of literature which gave glory to Greece and Rome and might yet bring honor to England.

[句子结构]主句主干: no boy... could be ignorant that.... who 引导的定语从句修饰boy，that 引导为形容词 ignorant的宾语从句，which 引导的定语从句修饰a form of literature，gave.. .and might bring hon...为先行词a form of literature的并列谓语结构。

[参考译文]

任何文法学校的学生都知道戏剧是一种文学形式，它曾给希腊和罗马带来荣耀，也许同样会给英格兰带来殊荣。

(48)

But the professional companies prospered in their permanent theaters, and university men with literary ambitions were quick to turn to these theaters as offering a means of livelihood.

[句子结构]

并列句主干分别为: .. .companies prospered ... and university men ..were quick to...

[参考译文]

但是专业公司的永久性剧院却兴旺起来，于是高校一些有着文学抱负的人迅速抓住机遇，将其作为一个谋生手段。

(49)

A native literary drama had been created, its alliance with the public playhouses established, and at least some of its great traditions had been begun.

[句子结构]

本句是一个由and连接的并列句。and前的句子主干为一个 被动语态的简单句: a .. drama had been created, with引导一个伴随状语;and后的句子也为一个被动语态的简单句: some of its great traditions had been begun。

[参考译文]

一种本土文学戏剧形式诞生了，它与公共剧院结成联盟，至少它的一些优良传统开始登上历史舞台。

(50)

To realize how great was the dramatic activity, we must remember further that hosts of plays have been lost, and that probably there is no author of note whose entire work has survived.

[句子结构]本句结构较为复杂，主句部分为“we must remember.."，主句之前的非谓语to realize作为目的状语，后接了一个how引导的宾语从句。主句中，两个that分别引导了两个remember的宾语从句，其中第二个宾语从句中，有一个whose引导的定语从句，修饰author of note。

[参考译文]

为了了解戏剧性活动有多么伟大，我们必须牢记大量的戏剧已经被遗忘了，并且有可能没有一位知名作家的所有作品都保留了下来。

【全文译文】

莎士比亚时期英国戏剧的发展

莎士比亚的一生和戏剧界的一段有非凡举措及成就的时期不期而遇。(46) 在他出生之前，欧洲正经历着宗教戏剧的衰退，以及在古典悲剧和喜剧的刺激之下新形式的诞生。这些新形式最初主要由学者创作，被一些业余爱好者演绎。但是在英国，和西欧其他任何地方一样，一群职业演员的成长正迫使戏剧变得盛行，不管是新戏剧还是老戏剧，古典戏剧还是中世纪戏剧，文艺剧还是滑稽剧。宫廷、学校、业余爱好者的组织以及四处奔波的演员在满足戏剧娱乐的广泛需求方面都成了竞争对手;而且，(47) 但凡是读过文法学校的孩子都不会忽视戏剧是一种文学形式，它曾经给希腊和罗马带来荣耀，并且还可能给英国带来荣耀。

莎士比亚12岁的时候，第一家公众剧院在伦敦建成。曾经有段时间，文学毫不眷顾这样的公共舞台。致力于文学造诣的戏剧或为学校，或为宫廷，或为圣保罗大教堂和皇家小教堂的唱诗班男孩儿创作，但这些男孩儿不仅为宫廷演出，也为公众演出。(48) 但是专业的剧团在它们固定的剧院中兴盛起来，怀揣文学抱负的大学生们迅速的投奔这些剧院，将其视为谋生的手段。莎士比亚25岁的时候，黎里、皮尔和格林已经创作了迅速盛行起来并具有文学性的戏剧;基德也写出了一部让剧院人满为患的悲剧作品;而马洛让诗歌和天赋在公众舞台，上获得了成功一这在欧里庇得斯死后从未发生过。(49) 本土的文学戏剧被创作出来，它与公众剧院形成联盟，至少二些好的传统已经开始了。

学习文学历史的学生对接下来25年的伊利莎白时代戏剧的发展有不寻常的兴趣，因为在这一短暂时期，我们可以追踪到很多戏剧和伟大事业的开始、成长、兴盛和衰退。现如今，我们感叹戏剧的小小创作数量，也感叹同时为有20万居民的伦敦创作的剧作价格数量. (50) 为了意识到戏剧艺术有多么伟大，我们必须进一步记住，大量的戏剧已经不复存在，而且也没有任何一个著名作家的全部作品都能够幸存下来。