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2020年考研英语一阅读新题型真题及参考答案

Part B

Directions:

Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A-G for each of the numbered paragraphs (41-45). There are two extra subheadings. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)

[A] Eye fixations are brief

[B] Too much eye contact is instinctively felt to be rude

[C] Eye contact can be a friendly social signal

[D] Personality can affect how a person reacts to eye contact

[E] Biological factors behind eye contact are being investigated

[F] Most people are not comfortable holding eye contact with strangers

[G] Eye contact can also be aggressive.

In a social situation, eye contact with another person can show that you are paying attention in a friendly way. But it can also be antagonistic such as when a political candidate turns toward their competitor during a debate and makes eye contact that signals hostility.Here' s what hard science reveals about eye contact:

41.                

We know that a typical infant will instinctively gaze into its mother's eyes, and she will look back. This mutual gaze is a major part of the attachment between mother and child. In adulthood, looking someone else in a pleasant way can be a complimentary sign of paying attention. It can catch someone' s attention in a crowded room,“Eye contact and smile” can signal availability and confidence, a common-sense notion supported in studies by psychologist Monica Moore.

42.                

Neuroscientist Bonnie Auyeung found that the hormone oxytocin increased the amount of eye contact from men toward the interviewer during a brief interview when the direction of their gaze was recorded. This was also found in high-functioning men with some autistic spectrum symptoms, who may tend to avoid eye contact. Specific brain regions that respond during direct gaze are being explored by other researches, using advanced methods of brain scanning.

43.                

With the use of eye-tracking technology, Julia Minson of the Harvard K ennedy School of Government concluded that eye contact can signal very different kinds of messages, depending on the situation. While eye contact may be a sign of connection or trust in friendly situations, it's more likely to be associated with dominance or intimidation in adversarial situations. “Whether you're a politician or a parent, it might be helpful to keep in mind that trying to maintain eye contact may backfire if you're trying to convince someone who has a different set of beliefs than you,"said Minson.

44.                

When we look at a face or a picture, our eyes pause on one spot at a time, often on the eyes or mouth. These pauses typically occur at about three per second, and the eyes then jump to another spot, until several important points in the image are registered like a series of snapshots. How the whole image is then assembled and perceived is still a mystery although it is the subject of current research.

45.                

In people who score high in a test of neuroticism, a personality dimension associated with self-consciousness and anxiety, eye contact triggered more activity associated with avoidance,according to the Finnish researcher Jari Hietanen and colleagues“Our findings indicate that people do not only feel different when they are the centre of attention but that their brain reactions also differ." A more direct finding is that people who scored highly for negative emotions like anxiety looked at others for shorter periods of time and reported more comfortable feelings when others did not look directly at them.

【答案解析】

41.

[答案]C

[精解]第二段首两句指出,婴儿与母亲的对视是母子依恋关系的重要组成部分。③④句指出成年后愉快地注视他人可以释放友好的社交信号。⑤句概括指出“目光接触可以传达交流意愿和信任”这一常识性认识已得到心理学家研究证实。[C] Eye contact can be a friendly social signal是对段落主要内容的恰当概括,be a friendly social signal 概括be a complimentary sign of paying attention(向对方表明你在欣赏地关注他/她) ;catch someone's attention in a crowded room(在拥挤的人群中引起某人的注意) ;signal availability and confidence(向对方表明你信任他/她、愿意与之交流)等所体现的“强大的社交信号功能”。

42.

[答案] E

[精解]先浏览第三段,根据Neuroscientist、the hormone oxytocin、 Specific brain regions(这些都属“生物学”范畴)基本上可以将选项锁定到[E] Biological factors behind eye contact are being investigated.随后分析该段内容:①②句介绍一位神经科学家的发现:无论是对于“面试中的正常男性"还是“通常避免目光接触的自闭症患者这一特殊群体”,催产素都能增加目光接触(This= that the hormone oxytocin increased the amount of eye contact)。③句指出其他研究者正在探究直接注视他人时产生反应的特定大脑区域。可见段落确为介绍“目光接触背后的生物学因索”的相关研究,确定[E]无误,段中found、explored恰对应选项中investigated.

43.

[答案]G

[精解]第四段首句指出研究结论:目光接触视情境不同可传达不同信息。第二句以While... ,it's more likely结构将语义重点落在“敌对情形”:目光接触更可能传达的是“控制”或“恫吓"(dominance or intimidation)。末句提出建议:谨记在这些情形下,设法保持目光接触可能会事与愿违。由此可见,本段论述针对的是目光接触传递“敌意、攻击、好斗”信号的情形，[G]为恰当选项，aggressive概括段中dominance or intimidation.

44.

[答案]A

[精解] 第五段主要阐述“在一张面孔或照片上定位一系列重要点"的过程,描述过程中作者借助“具体数据的使用(about three per second)"、“动词的恰当选用(spot、pauses、jump)”“类比的形象使用(like a series of snapshots)"等说明这一过程“非常快速"。[A]正确,eye fixations对应our eyes pause、These pauses。

45.

[答案]D

[精解] 第六段①句指出神经质程度越高的人越倾向于避免与他人目光接触。②句进一步指出不同个性的人成为关注焦点时,无论是心理感受还是大脑反应都大为不同。③句进而指出负面情绪高的人注视他人的时间更短、且自己不被他人直视时更自在。可见选项[D]可以作为该段理想的小标题。Personality 原词复现,且概括self- consciousness .anxiety、negative emotions等人格特质。