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广西民族大学2022年考研真题：622 基础英语

科目代码及名称：622 基础英语

适用专业：0502 外国语言文学

【01英语语言文学、02翻译学、03外国语言学及应用语言学】

一、单选题（每小题 1 分，共 20 小题，共 20 分）

1. ____ for the fact that she broke her leg, she might have passed the exam.

A. Had it not been

B. Hadn’t it been

C. Was it not

D. Were it not

2. Time___, the celebration will be held as scheduled.

A. permit

B. permitting

C. permitted

D. permits

3. This may have preserved the elephant from being wiped out as well as other animals _____in Africa.

A. hunted

B. hunting

C. that hunted

D. are hunted

4. Have you ever been in a situation ____ you know the other person is right yet you cannot agree with him?

A. by which

B. that

C. in where

D. where

5. ____ the two, Bob is ____ student.

A. Of, more diligent

B. In, more diligent

C. Of, the more diligent

D. In, the more diligent

6. Miss Anna always prefers ____ priced clothes.

A. higher

B. high

C. highest

D. highly

7. Once chickens started laying eggs, we had such a ____ of eggs to give away to our neighbors.

A. plenty

B. output

C. production

D. surplus

8. Although individual lines of the poem are very beautiful, I don’t think the poem is _____.

A. coherent

B. inherent

C. corporate

D. logical

9. The park ____ me much of the wildlife park I had visited overseas.

A. evoked

B. remembered

C. recalled

D. reminded

10. The ____ of being polite of western world is different from that held here in China.

A. consideration

B. mind

C. concept

D. thought

11. It was very difficult to find the parts needed to do the job because of the ____ way the store was organized.

A. logical

B. haphazard

C. orderly

D. tidy

12. Mississippi also upholds the South’s well-deserved reputation for warm, hospitable people; balmy year-round weather and truly _____cuisine.

A. destructive

B. horrible

C. amiable

D. delectable

13. If she is stupid, she’s ______pleasant to look at.

A. at any rate

B. by chance

C. at a loss

D. by the way

14. The mother was _____ with grief when she heard that her child was seriously sick.

A. fantastic

B. frank

C. frantic

D. frenzy

15. In your teens, peer-group friendships may ____ from parents as the major influence on you.

A. take control

B. take place

C. take up

D. take over

16. Parents often faced the _____ between doing what they felt was good for the development of the child and what they could stand by way of undisciplined noise and destructiveness.

A. paradox

B. junction

C. premise

D. dilemma

17. There have been demonstrations on the streets ____ the recent terrorist attack.

A. in the wake of

B. in the course of

C. in the context of

D. in the light of

18. Thousands of medicare patients with chronic medical conditions have been wrongly ___ access to necessary care.

A. grudged

B. denied

C. negated

D. invalidated

19. It has been proposed by many linguists that human language _____ , our biologically programmed ability to use language, is still not well defined and understood.

A. potentiality

B. perception

C. faculty

D. acquisition

20. Western medicine, ____ science and practiced by people with academic internationally accepted medical degrees, is only one of many systems of healing.

A. rooted in

B. originated from

C. trapped in

D. indulged in

二、 阅读理解题（每小题 3 分，共 20 小题，共 60 分）

Passage 1

Justice in society must include both a fair trial to the accused and the selection of an appropriate punishment for those proven guilty. Because justice is regarded as one form of equality, we find in its earlier expressions the idea of a punishment equal to the crime.

Recorded in the Old Testament is the expression: “an eye for an eye, and a tooth for a tooth.

“That is, the individual who has done wrong has committed an offence against society. To make up for his offence, society must get even. This can be done only by doing an equal injury to him. This conception of retributive justice is reflected in many parts of the legal documents and procedures of modern times. It is illustrated when we demand the death penalty for a person who had committed murder. This philosophy of punishment was supported by the German idealist Hegel. He believed that society owed it to the criminal to give a punishment equal to the crime he had committed. The criminal had by his own actions denied his true self and it is necessary to do something that will counteract this denial and restore the self that has been denied. To the murderer, nothing less than giving up his own life will pay his debt. The demand of the death penalty is a right the state owes the criminal and it should not deny him his due.

Modern jurists have tried to replace retributive justice with the notion of corrective justice. The aim of the latter is not to abandon the concept of equality but to find a more adequate way to express it. It tries to preserve the idea of equal opportunity for each individual to realize the best that is in him. The criminal is regarded as being socially ill and in need of treatment that will enable him to become a normal member of society. Before a treatment can be administered, the course of his antisocial behavior must be found. If the cause can be removed, provisions must be made to have this done.

Only those criminals who are incurable should be permanently separated from the rest of the society. This does not mean that criminals will escape punishment or be quickly returned to take up careers of crime. It means that justice is to heal the individual, not simply to get even with him. If severe punishment is the only adequate means for accompanying this, it should be administered. However, the individual should be given every opportunity to assume a normal place in society. His conviction of crime must not deprive him of the opportunity to make his way in the society of which he is a part.

21.The best title for this passage is______.

A．Fitting Punishment to the Crime

B．Approaches to Just Punishment

C．Improvement in Legal Justice

D．Attaining Justice in the Courts

22.The passage implies that the basic difference between retributive justice and corrective justice is the______.

A．type of crime that was proven

B．severity of the punishment

C．reason for the sentence

D．outcome of the trial

23. The punishment that would be most inconsistent with the views of corrective justice would be______.

A．forced labor

B．imprisonment

C．fair sentence

D．the electric chair

24. The Biblical expression “an eye for an eye, and a tooth for a tooth” was presented in order to______.

A．prove that equality demands just punishment

B．justify the need for punishment as a part of law

C．give moral back to retributive justice

D．show that man has long been interested in justice

25. What does “retributive” mean in paragraph one?

A. Decisive

B. Plaintive

C. Subjective

D. Punitory

Passage 2

Farmers in the developing world hate price fluctuations. It makes it hard to plan ahead.

But most of them have little choice: they sell at the price the market sets. Farmers in Europe, the U. S. and Japan are luckier: they receive massive government subsidies in the form of guaranteed prices or direct handouts. Last month U.S. President Bush signed a new farm bill that gives American farmers $ 190 billion over the next 10 years, or $83 billion more than they had been scheduled to get, and pushes U. S. agricultural support close to crazy European levels. Bush said the step is necessary to “promote farmer independence and preserve the farm way of life for generations”. It is also designed to help the Republican Party win control of the Senate in November’s mid-term elections.

Agricultural production in most poor countries accounts for up to 50% of GDP, compared to only 3% in rich countries. But most farmers in poor countries grow just enough for themselves and their families. Those who try exporting to the West find their goods whacked with huge tariffs or competing against cheaper subsidized goods. In 1999 the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development concluded that for each dollar developing countries receive in aid, they lose up to $ 14 just because of trade barriers imposed on the export of their manufactured goods. It’s not as if the developing world wants any favors, says Uganda’s Minister of Finance“What we want is for the rich countries to let us compete.”

Agriculture is one of the few areas in which the Third World can compete. Land and labor are cheap, and as farming methods develop, new technologies should improve output.

This is no pie-in-the-sky speculation. The biggest success in Kenya’s economy over the past decade has been the boom in exports of cut flowers and vegetables to Europe. But that may all change in 2008, when Kenya will be slightly too rich to qualify for the “least-developed country” status that allows African producers to avoid paying stiff European import duties on selected agricultural products. With trade barriers in place, the horticulture industry in Kenya will shrivel as quickly as a discarded rose. And while agriculture exports remain the great hope for poor countries, reducing trade barriers in other sectors also works: American’s African Growth and Opportunity Act, which cuts duties on exports of everything from handicrafts to shoes, has proven a boon to Africa’s manufacturers. The lesson: the Third World can prosper if the rich world gives it a fair go.

This is what makes Bush’s decision to increase farm subsidies last month all the more depressing. Poor countries have long suspected that the rich world urges trade liberalization, only so can it wangle its way into new markets. Such suspicions caused the Seattle trade talks to break down three years ago. But last November members of the World Trade Organization, meeting in Doha, Qatar, finally agreed to a new round of talks designed to open up global trade in agriculture and textiles. Rich countries assured poor countries that their concerns were finally being addressed. Bush’s Handout last month makes a lie of America’s commitment to those talks and his personal devotion to free trade.

26. By comparison, farmers______receive more government subsidies than others.

A．in the developing world

B．in Japan

C．in Europe

D．in America

27.In addition to the economic considerations, there is a______motive behind Bush’s signing of the new farm bill.

A．partisan

B．social

C．financial

D．cultural

28． The message the writer attempts to convey throughout the passage is that______.

A．poor countries should be given equal opportunities in trade

B．the least-developed country status benefits agricultural countries

C．poor countries should remove their suspicions about trade liberalization

D．farmers in poor countries should also receive the benefit of subsidies

29．The author’s attitude towards new farm subsidies in the U. S. is______.

A．favourable

B．ambiguous

C．critical

D．reserved

30. What’s the main idea of the passage?

A. Rich countries and poor countries.

B. Presidential election and its aftermath operation.

C. Some awkward issues of free trade policy on agricultural product.

D. By-product of commercial subsidies.

Passage 3

“In every known human society the male’s needs for achievement can be recognized... In a greater number of human societies men’s sureness of their sex role is tied up with their right, or ability, to practice some activity that women are not allowed to practice. Their maleness in fact has to be underwritten by preventing women from entering some field or performing some feat.”

This is the conclusion of anthropologist Margaret Mead drew about the way in which the roles of men and women in society should be distinguished.

If talk and print are considered, it would seem that the formal emancipation of women is far from complete. There is a flow of publications about the continuing domestic bondage of women and about the complicated system of defenses which men have thrown up around their hitherto accepted advantages, taking sometimes the obvious form of exclusion from types of occupation and sociable groupings, and sometimes the more subtle form of automatic doubt of the seriousness of women’s pretensions to the level of intellect and resolution that men, it is supposed, bring to the business of running the world.

There are a good many objective pieces of evidence for the erosion of men’s status. In the first place, there is the widespread postwar phenomenon of the woman Prime Minister, in India, Sri Lanka and Israel.

Secondly, there is the very large increase in the number of women who work, especially married women and mothers of children. More diffusely there are the increasingly numerous convergences between male and female behavior, the approximation to identical styles in dress and coiffure, the sharing of domestic tasks, and the admission of women to all sorts of hitherto exclusively male leisure-time activities.

Everyone carries round with him a fairly definite idea of the primitive or natural conditions of human life. It is acquired more by the study of humorous cartoons than of archaeology, but that does not matter since it is not significant as theory but only as an expression of inwardly felt expectations of people’s sense of what is fundamentally proper in the differentiation between the roles of the two sexes. In this rudimentary natural society men go out to hunt and fish and to fight off the tribe next door while women keep the fire going.

Amorous initiative is firmly reserved to the man, who set about courtship with a club.

31．The phrase “men’s sureness of their sex role” in the first paragraph suggests that they______.

A．are confident in their ability to charm women

B．take initiative in courtship

C．have a clear idea of what is considered “manly”

D．tend to be more immoral than women are

32．The third paragraph______.

A．generally agrees with the first paragraph.

B．has no connection with the first paragraph

C．repeats the argument of the second paragraph

D．contradicts the last paragraph

33．The usual idea of the cave man in the last paragraph______.

A．is based on the study of archaeology

B．illustrates how people expect men to behave

C．is dismissed by the author as an irrelevant joke

D．proves that the man, not woman, should be the wooer

34．The opening quotation from Margret Mead sums up a relationship between man and woman which the author______.

A．approves of

B．argues it is natural

C．completely disagrees

D．expects to go on changing

35. The main idea of this passage is ____.

A. The emancipation of women is far from complete from cultural prospective.

B. People’s sense of what is proper differs between the roles of the two sexes.

C. In patriarchy society, the role of men and women should be distinguished.

D. Numerous convergences between male and female behavior are apparent.

Passage 4

Roger Rosenblatt’s book Black Fiction, in attempting to apply literary rather than sociopolitical criteria to its subject, successfully alters the approach taken by most previous studies. As Rosenblatt notes, criticism of black writing has often served as a pretext for expounding on Black history. Addison Gayle’s recent work, for example, judges the value of black fiction by overtly political standards, rating each work according to the notions of Black identity which it propounds.

Although fiction assuredly springs from political circumstances, its authors react to those circumstances in ways other than ideological, and talking about novels and stories primarily as instruments of ideology circumvents much of the fictional enterprise. Rosenblatt’s literary analysis discloses affinities and connections among works of Black fiction which solely political studies have overlooked or ignored.

Writing acceptable criticism of Black fiction, however, presupposes giving satisfactory answers to a number of questions. First of all, is there a sufficient reason, other than the racial identity of the authors, to group together works by Black authors? Second, how does Black fiction make itself distinct from other modern fiction with which it is largely contemporaneous? Rosenblatt shows that black fiction constitutes a distinct body of writing that has an identifiable, coherent literary tradition. Looking at novels written by blacks over the last eighty years, he discovers recurring concerns and designs independent of chronology.

These structures are thematic, and they spring not surprisingly, from the central fact that the Black characters in these novels exist in a predominantly white culture, whether they try to conform to that culture or rebel against it.

Black fiction does leave some aesthetic questions open. Rosenblatt’s thematic analysis permits considerable objectivity; he even explicitly states that it is not his intention to judge the merit of the various works yet his reluctance seems misplaced, especially since an attempt to appraise might have led to interesting results. For instance, some of the novels appear to be structurally diffuse. Is this a defect, or are the authors working out of, or trying to forge, a different kind of aesthetic? In addition, the style of some black novels, like Jean Toomer’s Cane, verges on expressionism or surrealism; does this technique provide a counterpoint to the prevalent theme that portrays the fate against which Black heroes are pitted, a theme usually conveyed by more naturalistic modes of expression?

In spite of such omissions, what Rosenblatt does include in his discussion makes for an astute and worthwhile study. Black Fiction surveys a wide variety of novels, bringing to our attention in the process some fascinating and little-known works like James Weldon Johnson’s Autobiography of an Ex-Colored Man. Its argument is tightly constructed, and is forthright, lucid style exemplifies levelheaded and penetrating criticism.

36．The author of the passage objects to criticism of black fiction like that by Addison Gayle because it______.

A．emphasizes purely literary aspects of such fiction

B．misinterprets the ideological content of such fiction

C．misunderstands the notions of Black identity contained in such fiction

D．substitutes political for literary criteria in evaluating such fiction

37．The author of the passage is primarily concerned with______.

A．evaluating the soundness of a work of criticism

B．comparing various critical approaches to a subject

C．discussing the limitations of a particular kind of criticism

D．summarizing the major points made in a work of criticism

38．The author’s discussion of Black Fiction can be best described as______.

A．pedantic and contentious

B．critical but admiring

C．ironic and deprecating

D．argumentative but unfocused

39．It can be inferred that the author of the passage would be LEAST likely to approve of which of the following?

A．An analysis of the influence of political events on the personal ideology of Black writers.

B．A critical study that applies sociopolitical criteria to autobiographies by Black authors.

C．A literary study of Black poetry that appraises the merits of poems according to the political acceptability of their themes.

D．An examination of the growth of a distinct Black literary tradition within the context of Black history.

40. Why does Black fiction leave some aesthetic questions open?

A. Rosenblatt’s thematic analysis aroused many debates.

B. Rosenblatt’s controversial judgement on some black fiction.

C. The use of expressionistic or surrealistic techniques differ from the formal writing techniques.

D. Black writers prefer naturalistic way of expressing black life.

三、完型填空（每空 2 分，共 20 空，共 40 分）

Conceived in France at the beginning of the last century, the Michelin Guide today has editions in 23 countries and is one of the best-selling restaurant guides in the world. It operates on the _41__ that only reviews by anonymous, professionally trained experts can be trusted for accurate _42__ of a restaurant’s food and service. Major newspapers like The Times__43___ to anonymity for their restaurant reviewers but __44__ achieve it.

 Michelin has gone to extraordinary _45___ to maintain the anonymity of its inspectors.

Many of the company’s top _46__ have never met an inspector; inspectors themselves are advised not to __47__ their line of work, even to their parents; and, in all the years that it has been __48__ the guide, Michelin has refused to allow its inspectors to speak to ___49__. The inspectors write reports that are distilled, in__50__ “stars meetings” at the guide’s various national offices, ___51___ the ranking of three-stars, two stars, or one star—or no stars. A three-star Michelin ranking is _52__ rare. Only 26 three-star restaurants __53____ in France, and only 81 in the world.

This fall, in an effort to __54__ what the managing director of the guides, a forty-eight-year-old Frenchman named Jean Luc Naret, calls a(n) “__55___understanding” of the guides’ means and methods, ___56___, Michelin launched a Website, Famously Anonymous, to explain to Americans the ___57__of the Michelin inspector; it has also recently opened Twitter accounts for its reviewers. But___58__ the most important sign of Michelin’s new _59___ was its decision, this fall, to __60___ me to meet—and to eat with—one of its New York-based inspectors.

41. A. principle  B. accommodation   C. principal   D. hospitality

42. A. commissions   B. obligations   C. criticisms   D. assessments

43. A. designate   B. aspire   C. nominate   D. delegate

44. A. frequently   B. rarely   C. repeatedly   D. continuously

45. A. stretch   B. measurement   C. length   D. longitude

46. A. magistrates   B. executives   C. opponents   D. accountants

47. A. represent   B. transmit   C. disclose   D. demonstrate

48. A. putting out  B. checking out  C. compensating for   D. breaking off

49. A. interpreters   B. attorneys   C. shepherds   D. journalists

50. A. anniversary   B. annual   C. occasional   D. memorial

51. A. through   B. down   C. out   D. into

52. A. exceedingly   B. qualitatively  C. significantly   D. passionately

53. A. originate   B. discriminate   C. segregate   D. exist

54. A. cultivate   B. promote   C. emigrate   D. lubricate

55. A. intricate   B. cohesive   C. better   D. miserable

56. A. therefore   B. however   C. nevertheless   D. moreover

57. A. intersection   B. concept   C. obedience   D. salvation

58. A.by far   B. preferable to   C. instead of   D. more than

59. A. optimism   B. openness   C. certificate   D. investigation

60. A. reassure   B. forbid   C. allow   D. motivate

四、汉译英（每小题 3 分，共 5 小题，共 15 分）

61. 文化交流不但能促进我们国家的经济发展，而且还能开阔个人的眼界。

62. 在任何情况下，父母都不能忽略培养孩子自信的重要性。

63. 这个展览旨在探讨工业技术对批量生产的家用产品的影响。

64. 总有一天我们要么陷入最终的麻木，要么醒悟过来看到危机的真相。

65. 这本书由精明的投资者所著，是投资人士的必读宝典。

五、作文（共 15 分）

Please write a composition in 240-300 words with the title “Should Art be Commercialized?”