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中国海洋大学2020年考研真题：620基础英语

考试科目：620基础英语

适用专业：050201英语语言文学、050211外国语言学及应用语言学

一.词汇(每小题1分，共10分)

Directions: Choose the synonymous word or expression for each of the following numbered words.

1. induce

A. accuse

B. make smaller

C. prevent

D. bring on

2. insurgent

A. an elected official

B. a rebel

C. a leader

D. an annoyance

3. intangible

A. not lasting

B. not expensive

C. not common

D. not able to be touched

4. negate

A. to ask a question B. to make ineffective

C. to show

D. to make larger

5. phenomenon

A. a skilled person

B. a belief

C. a magical trick

D. an extraordinary person

6. potent

A. lengthy

B. pure

C. bitter

D. powerful

7. prerogative

A. a special right

B. a way of life

C. an opinion

D. a question

8. rectify

A. to repeat

B. to carry

C. to make right

D. to prove

9. resolution

A. question

B. self-control

C. settlement

D. answer

10. retract

A. to take back

B. to take home

C. to take for granted

D. to remember

二.语法(每小题1分，共10分)

Directions: Choose the best answer for each of the following sentences.

1. Susan asked that she _____ allowed to see her son in police custody

A. would be

B. could be

C.be

D. was

2. I don't like _____ bills but when I do get them I like _____ them promptly

A. to get, paying

B. getting, to pay

C. to get, to pay

D. getting, paying

3. Tom has just arrived, but I didn't know he _____ until yesterday

A. will come

B. was coming

C. had been coming

D. came

4. - She must be in the dormitory now.

-No, she; _____ be there. I saw her in the classroom a minute ago.

A. mustn't

B. can't

C. couldn't

D. wouldn't

5. Only take such clothes _____ really necessary.

A. as were

B. as they are

C. as they were

D. as are

6. Ted couldn't remember the exact date of the storm, but he knew it was _____ Sunday because everybody was at _____ church.

A./, the

B. a,/

C./, a

D. the, /

7. Who _____ was coming to see me in my office this afternoon?

A. you said

B. did you say

C. did you say that

D. you did say

8. They fulfilled the task in _____ it took us.

A. three- fourths time

B. three- fourth time

C. three-fourths the time

D. the three- fourths time

9. He was _____ to tell the truth even to his closest friend.

A. too much of a coward

B. too much the coward

C. a coward enough

D. enough of a coward

10. The surgeon operated _____ him for appendicitis.

A. at

B. with

C. for

D. on

三.阅读理解(每小题2分，共20分)

Directions: Choose the best answer for each of the following questions.

Passage 1

Which Hand Did They Use?

We ail know that many more people today are right- handed than left-handed. Can one trace this same pattern far back in prehistory? Much of the evidence about right-hand versus left-hand dominance comes from stencils and prints found in rock shelters in Australia and elsewhere, and in many Ice Age caves in France, Spain, and Tasmania. When a left hand has been stenciled, this implies that the artist was right-handed, and vice versa. Even though the paint was often sprayed on by mouth, one can assume that the dominant hand assisted in the operation.

One also has to make the assumption that hands were stenciled palm downward - a left hand stenciled palm upward might of course look as if it were a right hand. Of 158 stencils in the French cave of Gargas, 136 have been identified as left, and only 22 as right; right-handedness was therefore heavily predominant.

Cave art furnishes other types of evidence of this phenomenon. Most engravings, for example, are best it from the left, as befits the work of right-handed artists, who generally prefer to have the light source on the left so that the shadow of their hand does not fall on the tip of the engraving tool or brush. In the few cases where an Ice Age figure is depicted holding something, it is mostly, though not always, in the right hand.

Clues to right-handedness can also be found by other methods. Right-handers tend to have longer, stronger, and more muscular bones on the right side, and Marcellin Boule as long ago as 1911 noted the La Chapelle-aux- Saints Neanderthal skeleton had a right upper arm bone that was noticeably stronger than the left.

Similar observations have been made on other Neanderthal skeletons such as La Ferrassie I and Neanderthal itself.

Fractures and other cut marks are another source of evidence. Right-handed soldiers tend to be wounded on the left. The skeleton of a 40- or 50-year-old Nabatean warrior, buried 2,000 years ago in the Negev Desert, Israel, had multiple healed fractures to the skull, the left arm, and the ribs.

Tools themselves can be revealing. Long-handed Neolithic spoons of yew wood preserved in Alpine villages dating to 3000 B.C. have survived; the signs of rubbing on their left side indicate that their users were right-handed.

The late Ice Age rope found in the French cave of Lascaux consists of fibers spiraling to the right, and was therefore tressed by a right-hander.

Occasionally one can determine whether stone tools were used in the right hand or the left, and it is even possible to assess how far back this feature can be traced. In stone tool making experiments, Nick Toth, a right-hander, held the core (the stone that would become the tool) in his left hand and the hammer stone in his right.

As the tool was made, the core was rotated clockwise, and the flakes, removed in sequence, had a little crescent of cortex (the core's outer surface) on the side.

Toth's knapping produced 56 percent flakes with the cortex on the right, and 44 percent left- oriented flakes. A left-handed toolmaker would produce the opposite pattern. Toth has applied these criteria to the similarly made pebble tools from a number of early sites (before 1.5 million years) at Koobi Fora, Kenya, probably made by Homo habilis. At seven sites he found that 57 percent of the flakes were right-oriented, and 43 percent left, a pattermn almost identical to that produced today.

A bout 90 percent of modern humans are right-handed: we are the only mammal with a preferential use of one hand. The part of the brain responsible for fine control and movement is located in the left cerebral hemisphere, and the findings above suggest that the human brain was already asymmetrical in its structure and function not long after 2 million years ago. Among Neanderthalers of 70,000-35,000 years ago, Marcellin Boule noted that the La Chapelle-aux-Saints individual had a left hemisphere slightly bigger than the right, and the same was found for brains of specimens from Neanderthal, Gibraltar, and La Quina.

1. It can be inferred from Paragraph 1 that even when paint was sprayed by mouth to make a hand stencil

A. there was no way to tell which hand was stenciled

B. the stenciled hand was the weaker hand

C. the stenciled hand was the dominant hand

D. artists stenciled more images of the dominant hand than they did of the weak

2. All of the fllowing are mentioned in Paragraphs 1 and 2 as evidence of right-handedness in art and artists EXCEPT

A. the ideal source of lighting for most engravings

B. the fact that a left hand stenciled palm upward might look like a right hand

C. the prevalence of outlines of left hands

D. figures in prehistoric art holding objects with the right hand

3. According to Paragraph 5, what characteristic of a Neolithic spoon would imply that the spoon's owner was right-handed?

A. The direction of the fibers.

B. Its long handle.

C. The yew wood it is carved from.

D. Wear on its left side.

4. What was the purpose of Toth's tool making experiment described in Paragraph 6?

A. To shape tools that could be used by either hand.

B. To produce replicas of early tools for display in museums.

C. To imitate the production of pebble tools from early sites.

D. To determine which hand made the early tools.

5. What is the author's primary purpose in Paragraph 7?

A. To illustrate the importance of studying the brain.

B. To demonstrate that human beings are the only mammal to desire fine control of movement.

C. To contrast the functions of the two hemispheres of the brain.

D. To demonstrate that right-hand preference has existed for a long time.

Passage 2

Early Cinema

The cinema did not emerge as a form of mass consumption until its technology evolved from the initial “peepshow”format to the point where images were projected on a screen in a darkened theater. In the peepshow format, a film was viewed through a small opening in a machine that was created for that purpose. Thomas Edison's peepshow device, the Kinetoscope, was introduced to the public in 1894. It was designed for use in Kinetoscope parlors, or arcades, which contained only a few individual machines and permitted only one customer to view a short, 50-foot film at any one time. The first Kinetoscope parlors contained five machines. For the price of 25 cents (or 5 cents per machine), customers moved from machine to machine to watch five different films (or, in the case of famous prizefights, successive rounds of a single fight).

These Kinetoscope arcades were modeled on phonograph parlors, which had proven successful for Edison several years earlier. In the phonograph parlors, customers listened to recordings through individual ear tubes, moving from one machine to the next to hear different recorded speeches or pieces of music. The Kinetoscope parlors functioned in a similar way. Edison was more interested in the sale of Kinetoscopes (for roughly $1 ,000 apiece) to these parlors than in the films that would be run in them (which cost approximately $10 to $15 each). He refused to develop projection technology, reasoning that if he made and sold projectors, then exhibitors would purchase only one machine-a projector-from him instead of several.

Exhibitors, however, wanted to maximize their profits, which they could do more readily by projecting a handful of films to hundreds of customers at a time (rather than one at a time) and by charging 25 to 50 cents admission. About a year after the opening of the first Kinetoscope parlor in 1894, showmen such as Louis and Auguste Lumiere, Thomas Armat and Charles Francis Jenkins, and Orville and Woodville Latham (with the assistance of Edison's former assistant, William Dickson) perfected projection devices. These early projection devices were used in vaudeville theaters, legitimate theaters, local town halls, makeshift storefront theaters, fairgrounds, and amusement parks to show films to a mass audience.

With the advent of projection in 1895-1 896, motion pictures became the ultimate form of mass consumption.

Previously, large audiences had viewed spectacles at the theater, where vaudeville, popular dramas, musical and minstrel shows, classical plays, lectures, and slide -and-lantern shows had been presented to several hundred spectators at a time. But the movies differed significantly from these other forms of entertainment, which depended on either live performance or (in the case of the slide-and-lantern shows) the active involvement of a master of ceremonies who assembled the final program.

Although early exhibitors regularly accompanied movies with live acts, the substance of the movies themselves is mass-produced, prerecorded material that can easily be reproduced by theaters with little or no active participation by the exhibitor. Even though early exhibitors shaped their film programs by mixing films and other entertainments together in whichever way they thought would be most attractive to audiences or by accompanying them with lectures, their creative control remained limited. What audiences came to see was the technological marvel of the movies; the lifelike reproduction of the commonplace motion of trains. of waves striking the shore, and of people walking in the street; and the magic made possible by trick photography and the manipulation of the camera.

With the advent of projection, the viewer's relationship with the image was no longer private, as it had been with earlier peepshow devices such as the Kinetoscope and the Mutoscope, which was a similar machine that reproduced motion by means of successive images on individual photographic cards instead of on strips of celluloid. It suddenly became public - an experience that the viewer shared with dozens, scores, and even hundreds of others. At the same time, the image that the spectator looked at expanded from the minuscule peepshow dimensions of 1 or 2 inches (in height) to the life- size proportions of 6 or 9 feet.

6. According to Paragraph I, all of the following were true of viewing films in Kinetoscope parlors EXCEPT

A. one individual at a time viewed a film

B. customers could view one film after another

C. prizefights were the most popular subjects for films

D. each film was short

7. The author discusses phonograph parlors in Paragraph 2 in order to.

A. explain Edison's financial success

B. describe the model used to design Kinetoscope parlors

C. contrast their popularity to that of Kinetoscope parlors

D. illustrate how much more technologically advanced Kinetoscope parlors were

8. According to Paragraph 4, how did the early movies differ from previous spectacles that were presented to large _____ audiences?

A. They were a more expensive form of entertainment.

B. They were viewed by larger audiences.

C. They were more educational.

D. They did not require live entertainers.

9. According to Paragraph 5, what role did early exhibitors play in the presentation of movies in theaters?

A. They decided how to combine various components of the film program.

B. They advised film-makers on appropriate movie content.

C. They often took part in the live-action performances.

D. They produced and prerecorded the material that was shown in the theaters.

10. The word“it? (underlined) in Paragraph 6 refers to

A. the advent of projection

B. the viewer's relationship with the image

C. a similar machine

D. celluloid

四.翻译(汉译英15分，英译汉15分，翻译理论20分，共50分)

1.英汉互译

Directions: Translate the following paragraphs into English or Chinese.

1)楼前有清塘数亩。记得三十多年前初搬来时，池塘里好像是有荷花的，我的记忆里还残留着一些绿叶红花的碎影。后来时移事迁，岁月流逝，池塘里却变得“半亩方塘一鉴开， 天光云影共徘徊”，再也不见什么荷花了。我脑袋里保留的旧的思想意识颇多，每一次望到空荡荡的池塘，总觉得好像缺点什么。这不符合我的审美观念。有池塘就应当有点绿的东西，哪怕是芦苇呢，也比什么都没有强。最好的最理想的当然是荷花。

2) An individual human existence should be like a river - small at first, narrowly contained within its banks, and rushing passionately past boulders and over waterfalls. Gradually the river grows wider, the banks recede, the waters flow more quietly, and in the end, without any visible break, they become merged in the sea, and painlessly lose their individual being. The man who, in old age, can see his life in this way, will not suffer from the fear of death, since the things he cares for will continue. And if, with the decay of vitality, weariness increases, the thought of rest will be not unwelcome. I should wish to die while still at work, knowing that others will carry on what I can no longer do, and content in the thought that what was possible has been done.

2.翻译理论

Directions: Define the following terms and answer the question IN CHINESE.

1)名词解释(每小题4分，共12分)

①expressive text

②cohesion

③translator's subjectivity

2)简答题(8分)

Please elaborate on the importance of context in translation.

五.完型填空(每小题1分，共10分)

Direetions: Choose the best answer for each of the following blanks.

（1）optical ilusion can cut highway crashes. Japan is a case（2）。It has reduced automobile crashes on some roads（3）nearly 75 percent using a simple optical illusion. Bent stripes, called chevrons(4)the roads make drivers think that they are driving faster than they really are, and thus drivers slow down.

Now the American Association Foundation for Traffic Safety in Washington D. C. is planning to (5) Japan's success. Starting next year, the foundation will paint chevrons and other patterns of stripes on selected roads around the country to test how well the patterns reduce highway crashes. Excessive speed plays a major role (6)one rift of all fatal traffic accidents, according to the foundation. (7) those accidents, the foundation will conduct its tests in areas where speed-related hazards are (8) curves, exit slopes, traffic circles, and bridges. Some studies suggest that straight, horizontal bars painted across roads can initially (9) the average speed of drivers in half. (10) traffic often returns to full speed within months as drivers become used to seeing the painted bar.

1. A. Believing it or not to   B. Believe it or not to  C. Believing it or not  D. Believe it or not

2. A. in point  B. to point  C. by point  D. on point

3. A. by  B. to  C. at  D. over

4. A. painted on  B. being painted on  C. painted in  D. being painted in

5. A. remake :  B. reproduce  C. imitate  D. repeat

6. A.insomuchas  B. in as much as  C. to as much as  D. to so much as

7. A. Helping to reduce  B. To help reduce  C. Helping reducing  D. To help reducing

8. A. the greatest  B. the greater  C. the better  D. the best

9. A. cut  B. increase  C. produce  D. press

10. A. Therefore  B. However  C. Consequently  D. As a result

六.校对改错(每小题1分，共10分)

Directions: The passage contains TEN errors. Each indicated line contains a maximum of ONE

error: In each case, only ONE word is involved. You should proofread the passage and correct it.

Another possible source of loans are a life       (1)_______

insurance policy. When you study insurance,

you will learn that some types of life insurance

have cash or loan value. Anyone who owns     (2) _______

this type of insurance may borrow up to

the number of its cash value.                           (3)_______

Life insurance loans are easy to obtain.

The rate charged is less than that of almost

any other type of loan available for consumers.(4) _______

This is because the lender takes none risk.        (5) _______

Also, borrowers may take as long as they want

to repay their loans. A lthough that may seem

likely an advantage, it can also be a disadvantage.  (6) _______

When a borrower is not required to

repay a loan within certain period of time, it is easy（7）_______

to let it run on and on. This increases the dollar

cost of a loan as the loan continues. Also the    (8)________

amount the insurance company will pay for case  (9) _______

of death is reduced by the amount of the loan.

For example, suppose that someone with

$ 10,000 of insurance borrows $ 2,000

and dies, leaving the loan unpaying. The insurance （10）_______

company would pay only $ 8,000 to the person entitled

to receive the money. Of course, if the $ 2,000 loan had been obtained

from another source, it would still have to be paid.

七.百科知识 (每小题1分，共20分)

1. Directions: Choose the correct answer to finish each of the following statements.

1) Which statement about the Anglo-Saxons is true?

A. In the seventh century, they gradually developed seven kingdom known as Heptarchy.

B. After they came to Britain, they named the area“Angle-land" (England).

C. Alfred the Great, an Anglo king, unified and brought stability to the country.

D. Anglo-Saxons were Germanics and they spoke German.

2) William I defeated the English soldiers at

A. Hastings

B. London

C. Manchester

D. Wilshire

3) The end of the War of the Roses led to the rule of

A. the House of Valois

B. the House of York

C. the House of Tudor

D. the house of Lancaster

4) The introduction of Christianity to Britain added the first element of _______ words to English.

A. Danish and Finnish

B. Dutch and German

C. French and Italian

D. Latin and Greek

5) The English Civil War broke out in 1642 between

A. Protestants and Puritans

B. Royalists and Parliamentarians

C. Nobles and peasants

D. Aristocrats and Christians

6). _______ is not included in the Mount Rushmore National Memorial in the United States.

A. Abraham Lincoln

B. Franklin D. Roosevelt

C. George Washington

D. Thomas Jefferson

7).On the national flag of the United States, there are _______ stripes which stand for the original 13 states of America.

A. six red and seven white

B. seven red and six white

C. five red and eight white

D. eight red and five white

8) In the United States, when people speak of“father of waters" and“old man river", they are referring to

A. the Colorado River

B. the Ohio River

C. the Missouri River

D. the Mississippi River

9) _______ is the most famous geyser (间歇泉) in the Yellowstone National Park.

A. Yellowstone Geyser

B. Old Faithful

C. Grand Prismatic Spring

D. Old Man Spring

10) Richard Nixon resigned in 1974 because of

A. the Great Depression

B. the Black Power Movement

C. the Watergate Scandal

D. the Isolation Policy

2. Directions: Choose the correct answer to complete the following passage.

Elizabeth I, sometimes called（1）or Good Queen Bess, was queen regnant of both England and （2）.She was born to（3）and Anne Boleyn. Her half brother, （4），bequeathed the crown to Lady Jane Grey, and when Jane Grey was executed, her half sister Mary succeeded to the throne and imprison her in（5）for nearly a year on suspicion of supporting Protestant rebels. She came to the throne on November 17, 1558, and was the fifth and last monarch of the great（6）dynasty. When she ascended the throne in 1558, England was an impoverished country torn apart by religious squabbles. In her reign, her ships defeated the Spanish （7）and sailed round the globe. In her time, Edmund Spenser wrote poems such as The Faerie

Queene and （8） wrote famous plays. When she died at Richmond Palace on March 24^th, in the year of（9） , England was one of the most powerful and prosperous countries in the world. The Elizabethan Age is often referred to as（10）

CHOICES: .

A. Edward V   B. Edward VI   C.1604

D. William Shakespeare   E. Henry VI   F. The Virgin Queen

G. the Golden Age   H.1603    I. Tudor

J. Henry VIII   K. Armada   L. Ireland

M. Stuart   N. the Tower of London   O. the Glorious Age

八.写作(共20分)

Recently,“Buddhist youth" has become a new buzzword on Chinese social media. The term doesn't actually mean young people are converting to Buddhism - it is closer in meaning to“slacker," and describes life attitudes such as having no desires, no needs, and no expectations. These attitudes in some ways resemble Buddhism thinking. What do you think about the cultural trend? Write an essay of about 300 words on this issue to state your opinion.