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浙江工商大学2020年考研真题：820翻译与写作

适用专业：0502外国语言文学

Part One.    Translation (80分/150):

1、Translate the Following English into Chinese (20分):

What is science? First, then, what is science: Surely there can be no difficulty in answering this, and yet I fear that, if I should pass through this or any other audience with the question, I should get many different answers. Science, then, is not simply accuracy, although it would be worthless if it were not accurate; it is not devised for the purpose of undermining religion; and its object is not the making of useful inventions. Then what is it?

One dictionary gives this definition: "Knowledge, knowledge of principles and causes, ascertained truths or facts... Accumulated and established knowledge which has been systematized and formulated with reference to the discovery of general truths or the operation of general laws, …especially such knowledge when it relates to the physical world, and its phenomena, the nature, constitution, and forces of nature, the qualities and functions of living tissues, etc." A science teaches us how to know; an art, to do.

2、Translate the Following Chinese into English (20分):

司马光认为“国之治乱,尽在人君”，因此特别重视为君之道。他以才能和政绩为依据,把历史上的君主分为创业、守成、陵夷、中兴、乱亡五类。司马光不仅把历史上的君主分成五类，而且认为不同类型的君主并不是永恒不变的，相互之间存在着转化的可能。即使是创业、中兴、守成之君，也可能转化为陵夷之君，甚至变成乱亡之君。相反，处陵夷之境，也可以拨乱反正，转危为安，成中兴之业。转化的关键就在于君主是纳谏还是拒谏，是知过必改还是文过饰非。

显然，司马光就是要以历史，上不同类型的君主为鉴戒、希望对后世的君起到积极的模范作用或消极的儆戒作用。

3、Translate the Following Business English into Chinese (20分):

The market-access strategy is designed to help a firm gain access to markets rather than create a strict economic advantage as in the factor-input strategy. Many firms desire to create a manufacturing presence in a foreign market in which they currently sell their goods, or in a market the firm might wish to enter. For example, Japanese automobile manufacturers build cars and trucks in other countries. Couldn't Japanese automobile manufacturers have greater economies of scope and scale by manufacturing in countries with lower labor costs than the United States, Canada, and the United Kingdom?

During the late 1970s and early 1980s, many American consumers began to view the Japanese automobile manufacturers as a drain on the American economy. To the casual observer, these huge nondomestic car companies were simply taking sales and profits outside the United States and leaving little behind except very well-made automobiles. The consumers' bundle of purchase satisfactions had a social and political component that was not being addressed by Japanese automobile manufacturers.

4、Translate the Following Business Chinese into English (20分):

中方注意到美国政府在公告中宣布,对2019年5月10日零点前离开中国和6月1日前进入美国的货物仍然要征收10%的附加关税。中方一贯反对单边关税措施。美方提高关税只会给磋商带来更大的困难。我们敦促美方及早取消错误做法,避免对中美两国企业和消费者造成更大的损失，对世界经济造成衰退性影响。

要达成任何协议,中方三个核心关切问题必须得到妥善解决。一是取消全部加征关税。二是贸易采购数据要符合实际。双方在阿根廷已经对此形成共识，不应随意改变。三是文本平衡性。任何国家都有自己的尊严，协议文本必须平衡且可接受。在重大原则问题上中方绝不让步。

Part Two.    Writing (70分/150):

1、Read the Following Passage and Write a Commentary on

Smartphone Use May Lead to Addiction, Loneliness, Depression. You Are Required to Express Your Viewpoints Clearly and Logically within 300 Words (30分):

Smartphone Use May Lead to Addiction, Loneliness, Depression

Nearly 2.4 billion people around the world used a smartphone in 2017. By the end of 2019, more than a third of the global population will be using a smartphone. Those numbers - from Mobile Marketing Magazine - sound great, don't they? More people will have more information at their fingertips. However, smartphone technology can be a double-edged sword.

On the one hand, it sends us unlimited amount of information. We don't have to wait. Our devices ring, ping, vibrate and light up with the latest news from family, friends and around the world. On the other hand, this immediate access to information may become an addiction. And it may make some people feel lonely, anxious and depressed.

These findings are from a 2018 study from San Francisco State University and have been published in Neuro Regulation. Peper and Harvey, both health education professors at the university, led the study. In a statement to the press, the two professors claim that "overuse of smart phones is just like any other type of substance abuse." Peper explains that smartphone addiction forms connections in the brain that are similar to drug addiction. And these connections form slowly over time.

Also, addiction to social media may affect our emotional state.

The two professors asked 135 university students about their smartphone use and their feelings. They found that “students who used their phones the most reported higher levels of feeling … lonely, depressed and anxious."

Peper and Harvey do not blame users for their technology addiction. They blame the "tech industry' s desire to increase corporate profits." As Peper writes, “More eyeballs, more dicks, more money."

However, the researchers also suggest ways to fight back. They say that we can train our brains to be less addicted to our phones and computers. Erik Peper suggests turning off push notifications and other such alerts on our phones. These instant announcements excite the same pathways in our brains that once warned us of dangers in our environment. Instead of warning us of a large predator looking for a dinner, we are alerted to a sale on shoes or the fact that a friend from a high school is eating a hamburger in Las Vegas.

More often than not, our devices share unimportant information as if our lives depended on it. Our brains see the notices the same way. And that is a problem. So, just tum them off. The researchers also suggest taking control of when and where you answer a text or email. You do not need to answer them all. And you certainly don't need to answer them as soon as you get them.

They also suggest setting limits on the time you spend on social media. If you want to catch up with friends on Facebook, set aside a small amount of time to it.

2、Write an Essay within 400 Words on the Following Topic (40分):

Do You Think the Efficient Interactive Classroom Necessary at Universities?

Recently, many scholars have suggested the transition arise from the mobile-controlled classroom or mobile-free classroom to the highly efficient interactive classroom with mobiles, so that teachers can better manage the class, interact with students and feedback the students' comprehension of the lecture, especially in those online plus offline courses on the school platform. In this way, students can be masters of mobile phones concerning the active use of them.

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