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2022年考研英语一翻译真题及参考答案

Section III Translation

Part C

Directions:

Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. ( 10 points)

Between 1807 and 1814 the Iberian Peninsula (comprising Spain and Portugal) was the scene of a titanic and merciless struggle. It took place on many different planes: between Napoleon's French army and the angry inhabitants; between the British, ever keen to exacerbate the emperor 's difficulties, and the marshals sent from Paris to try to keep them in check; between new forces of science and meritocracy and old ones of conservatism and birth. (46) It was also. and this is unknown even to many people well read about the period, a battle between those who made codes and those who broke them.

I first discovered the Napoleonic cryptographic battle a few years ago when I was reading Sir Charles Oman's epic History of the Peninsular War. In volume V he had attached an appendix, The Scovell Ciphers. (47) It listed many documents in code that had been captured from the French army of Spain, and whose secrets had been revealed by the work of one George Scovell , an officer in British headquarters. Oman rated Scovell's significance highly, but at the same time, the general nature of his History meant that (48) have contributed to that great struggle between nations or indeed tell us anything much about the man himself. I was keen to read more, but was surprised to find that Oman's appendix, published in 1914, was the only considered thing that had been written about this secret war.

I became convinced that this story was every bit as exciting and significant as that of Enigma and the breaking of German codes in the Second World War. The question was , could it be told?

Studying Scovell's papers at the Public Record Office, London, I found that he had left an extensive journal and copious notes about his work in the peninsula. What was more, many original French dispatches had been preserved in this collection, which I realized was priceless. (49) There may have been many spies and intelligence officers during the Napoleonic Wars. but it is usually extremely difficult to find the material they actually provided or worked on.

As I researched Scovell's story I found far more of interest besides his intelligence work. His status in Lord Wellington's headquarters and the recognition given to him for his work were all bound up with the class politics of the army at the time. His tale of self- improvement and hard work would make a fascinating biography in its own right, but represents something more than that. (50), Just as the code breaking has its wider relevance in the struggle for Spain, so his attempts to make his way up the promotion ladder speak volumes about British society.

【答案解析】

(46) It was also, and this is unknown even to many people well read about the period, a battle between those who made codes and those who broke them.

【解析】

(1)分句2以插人语的形式置于分句1的表语a battle between...之前,在语用层面提醒注意分句1表语这一重点内容,翻译时仍可按照“分句1一分句2”的顺序译出,可将and处理为“而”以连接两分句。

(2)两个定语从句的翻译:句中两个定语从句who made codes、who broke them较短,因此可处理成“创制/破解..的(.人)”,甚至连同其先行词(those指一类人),整体精炼地译为“密码创制者/破译者”。

(3)分句2的翻译:整体为this is unknown to sb的结构,而unknown意为“未知的;不了解的”,故可处理成“这对某人来说不知道/闻所未闻”,或“某人对此一无所知”。

【参考译文】

它也是一场密码创制者和密码破译者之间的战争，而即便是很多熟知这段历史的人也都对此一无所知。

(47) It listed many documents in code that had been captured from the French army of Spain, and whose secrets had been revealed by the work of one George Scovell, an officer in British headquarters.

【解析】

(1)两个定语从句的翻译:由于两个从句较长,且各自陈述了一件完整的事情(文件的获得与文件的破解),因此可分别译为独立小句;而两个从句借and构成形式上的并列,语义上则存在时间上的先后(先获得、后破解),因此从句之间可用连词“而”相连，局部处理成“它们(这些文.....,而这些文......

(2)同位语的翻译:表示人物头衔或身份的同位语可与人名合并翻译,本句中的an officer in British headquarters可与George Scovell 合并译为“英军司令部一位名叫乔治●斯科维尔的军官”。

【参考译文】

它列出了许多用密码写成的文件,都是当时从入侵西班牙的法军手里截获的,而这些文件的秘密则是通过英军司令部一位名叫乔治●斯科维尔的军官的工作得以破解的。

(48) he could not analyze carefully ，what this obscure officer may or may not have contributed to that great struggle between nations，or indeed tell us anything much about the man himself.

【解析】

(1)主句中并列谓语的翻译:两个谓语部分could not analyze...和(could not)tell us...借or构成并列,可处理成“既不能分析......也无法告诉我们....”...

(2)宾语从句的翻译:引导词what在从句中作have contributed的宾语，指“什么;什么事(表示疑问)”,因此局部相当于“有还是没有做出什么贡献”,可顺译为“具体做出了什么贡献”。

【参考译文】

他既不能细致分析这位名不见经传的军官对这场国际大战具体做出了什么贡献,其实也无法告诉我们太多有关这位军官本人的信息。

(49) There may have been many spies and intelligence officers during the Napoleonic Wars, but it is usually extremely difficult to find the material，they actually provided or worked on.

【解析】

(1)分句1的翻译:There be存在句一般可翻译成........,加之分句1中的时间状语during the Napoleonic Wars翻译时通常需要按照汉语语序提前,故整体可处理成“拿破仑战争时期可能有....

(2)分句2的翻译:本分句为it is+adj.+to do sth结构,翻译时通常把真正主语提前,按照汉语语序译出,即“要做.... ...."。

(3)定语从句的翻译:引导词that/which在从句中作宾语，故可省略;从句较短,可译为“的”字结构。

【参考译文】

拿破仑战争时期可能有许多间谍和情报军官,但要找到他们实际提供或研究的材料往往极为困难。，

(50) Just as the code breaking has its wider relevance in the struggle for Spain, so his attempts to make his way up the promotion ladder speak volumes about British society.

【解析】

(1)全句结构:方式状语从句和主句之间借Just as... so...的结构相连,其中Just as比as更为强调,而so也并非表常见的因果关系“所以”,而是指出两种情况相似,故全句整体结构可译为“正........”。

(2)主句中后置定语的翻译:to make his way up the promotion ladder 修饰名词attempts, 形成attempt to do sth结构，字面义为.....的努力”;具体来看,make one's way字面义为“前往”,同时兼具“上进;成功”之义,up即“向上”,而promotion意为“晋升”,ladder意为“(事业.上晋升的)阶梯,途径”,因此本部分整体含义为“攀爬晋升之阶”，连同attempts则可处理成动宾结构“努力攀爬晋升之阶”。

【参考译文】

正如密码破译在这场(英国)援助西班牙的战争中影响深远一样，他努力攀爬晋升之阶也充分反映了英国社会的情况。