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本篇为大家整理了，2010年考研英语(二)真题及参考答案，供大家参考。

Section I Use of English

Directions:

Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)

The outbreak of swine flu that was first detected in Mexico was declared a global epidemic on June 11, 2009. It is the first worldwide epidemic_ 1_ by the World Health Organization in 41 years.

The heightened alert_ 2 an emergency meeting with flu experts in Geneva that assembled after a sharp rise in cases in Australia, and rising_ 3_ in Britain, Japan, Chile and elsewhere.But the epidemic is"_ 4” in severity, according to Margaret Chan, the organization's director general, _ 5_the overwhelming majority of patients experiencing only mild symptoms and a full recovery, often inthe_ 6 ofany medical treatment.

The outbreak came to global_ 7__ in late April 2009, when Mexican authorities noted an unusually large number of hospitalzations and deaths_ 8 healthy adults. As much of Mexico City shut down at the height of a panic, cases began to_ 9 in New York City, the southwesterm United States and around the world.

In the United States, new cases seemed to fade_ 10 warmer weather arrived. But in late September 2009, officials reported there was_ 11_ fu activity in almost every state and that virtually all the_12_tested are the new swine flu, also known as (A) HINI, not seasonal flu. In the U.S., it has_ 13_ more than one million people, and caused more than 600 deaths and more than 6,000 hospitalizations.

Federal health officials_ 14 Tamiflu for children from the national stockpile and began_ 15 orders from the states for the new swine flu vaccine. The new vaccine, which is different from the annual flu vaccine, is-16- ahead of expectations. More than three million doses were to be made available in early October 2009,though most of those . - 17 doses were of the FluMist nasal spray type, which is not_ 18 for pregnant women, people over 50 or those with breathing difficulties, heart disease or several other_ 19 But it was still possible to vaccinate people in other high-risk groups: health care workers, people_ 20 infants and healthy young people.

1. [A] criticizcd    [B] appointed    [C] commented    [D] designated

2. [A] poceded    [B] activatcd    [C] fllowed    [D] prompted

3. [A] digits    [B] numbers    [C] amounts    [D] sums

4. [A] modcratc    [B] normal    [C] unusual    [D] cxtreme

5. [A] with    [B] in    [C] from    [D] by

6. [A] progrcss    [B] abscncc    [C] prcscncc    [D] favor

7. [A] reality    [B] pbenomenon     [C] concept    [D] notice

8. [A] over    [B] for    [C] among    [D] to

9. [A] stay up    [B] crop up     [C] fil1 up :    [D] cover up

10. [A]as    [B] if    [C] unless    [D] until

11. [A] excssive    [B] cnormous    [C] signifcant    [D] magnificnt

12. [A] catcgorics    [B] examplcs    [C] ptters    [D] samples

13. [A] imparted    [B] immcrsed    [C] injcctcd    [D] infccted

14. [A] rclcascd    [B] rclayed    [C] rclieved    [D] remaincd

15. [A] placing    [B] delivering    [C] taking    [D] giving

16. [A] feasible    [B] available    [C] reliable    [D] applicable

17. [A] prevalent    [B] principal    [C] innovative    [D] initial

18. [A] presented    [B] restricted    [C] recommended     [D] introduced

19. [A] problems    [B] issues    [C] agonies    [D] sufferings

20. [A] involved in    [B] caring for    [C] concemed with     [D] warding off

Section II Reading Comprchension

Part A

Directions:

Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)

Text 1

The longest bull run in a century of art-market history ended on a dramatic note with a sale of 56 works by Damien Hirst, Beautiful /nside My Head Forever, at Sotheby's in London on September 15th 2008. All but two pieces sold, fetching more than £70m, a record for a sale by a single artist. It was a last victory, As the auctioneer called out bids, in New York one of the oldest banks on Wall Street, Lehman Brothers, filed for bankruptey.

The world art market had already been losing momentum for a while after rising bewilderingly since 2003. At its peak in 2007 it was worth some $65 billion, reckons Clare McAndrew, founder of Arts Economics, a research firm - double the figure five years earlier. Since then it may have come down to S50 billion. But the market generates interest far beyond its size because it brings together great wealth, enormous egos, greed, passion and controversy in a way matched by few other industries.

In the wecks and months that followed Mr. Hirst's sale, spending of any sort became deeply unfashionable. In the art world that meant ollctors stayed away from galleries and salerooms. Sales of contemporary art fell by two-thirds, and in the most overheated sector, they were down by nearly 90% in the year to November 2008. Within wecks the world's two biggcst auction houscs, Sotheby's and Christic s, had to pay out ncarly S200m in guarantccs to clients who had placed works for sale with them.

The current downturm in the art market is the worst since the Japanese stopped buying Impressionists at the end of 1989. This time experts reckon that prices are about 40% down on their peak on average, though some have been far morce fluctuant. But Edward Dolman, Christic s chief cxccutive, says:“I'm pretty confident wc' rc at the bottorm.

What makcs this slump different from the last, he says, is that there are still buyers in the markct. Almost everyone who was interviewed for this special report said that the biggest problem at the moment is not a lack of demand but a lack of good work to sell. The three Ds - death, debt and divorce - still deliver works of art to the market. But anyone who does not have to sell is keeping away, waiting for confidence to return.

21. In the first paragraph, Damien Hirst's sale was referred to as“a last victory" because

[A] the art market had witnessed a succession of victories

[B] the auctioneer fnally got the two pieces at the highest bids

[C] Beautifil Inside My Head Forever won over all mastericcs

[D] it was sucessfully made just before the world financial crisis

22. By saying“spending of any sort became deeply unfashionable" (Line 1-2, Para. 3), the author suggests that

[A] collectors were no longer actively involved in art-market auctions

[B] people stopped every kind of spending and stayed away from galleries

[C] art cllction as a fashion had lost its appeal to a great extent

[D] works of art in general had gone out of fashion so they were not worth buying

23. Which of the following statements is NOT true?

[A] Sales of contemporary art fell dramatically from 2007 to 2008.

[B] The art market surpassed many other industries in momentum.

[C] The art market generally went downward in various ways.

[D] Some art dealers were awaiting better chances to come.

24. The three Ds mcntioncd in the last paragraph arc_

[A] auction houses' favorites

[B] contemporary trends

[C] factors promoting artwork circulation

[D] stylcs represcnting Impressionists

25. The most appropriate title for this text could be,

[A] Fluctuation of Art Priccs

[B] Up-to-date Art Auctions

[C] Art Market in Decline

[D] Shiftcd Intercst in Arts

Text 2

I was adressing a small gathering in a suburban Virginia living room - a women's group that had invited men to join thcm. Throughout the cvening. onc man had been particularly talkative, fircquently offcring ideas and anecdotes, while his wife sat silently beside him on the couch. Toward the end of the evening, I commented that women frequently complain that their husbands don't talk to them. This man quickly nodded in agreement. He gcsturcd toward his wife and said,“She's the tlker in our family." The room burst into laughtcr; the man looked puzzled and hurt.“It's true," he explained.“When I come home from work 1 have nothing to say. If she didn't keep the conversation going, we 'd spend the whole evening in silence."

This episode crstallizes the irony that although American men tend to talk more than women in public situations, they oftcn talk less at homc. And this pattern is wrcaking havoc with marriagc.

The pattcrm was obscrved by political scientist Andrew Hacker in the latc 1970s. Sociologist Catherine Kohler Riessman reports in her new book Divorce Talk that most of the women she interviewed - but only a few of the men- gave lack of communication as the reason for their divorces. Given the current divorce rate of nearly 50 percent, that amounts to millions of cases in the United States every year - a virtual epidemic of failed conversation.

In my own research, complaints from women about their husbands most often focused not on tangible inequities such as having given up the chance for a career to accompany a husband to his, or doing far more than their share of daily life -support work like cleaning, cooking and social arrangements. Instead, they focused on communication:“'He doesn't listen to me."“He doesn't talk to me." I found, as Hacker observed years before, that most wives want their husbands to be, first and foremost, conversational partners, but few husbands share this expectation of their wives.

In short, the image that best represents the current crisis is the stercotypical cartoon scene of a man stting at the breakfast table with a newspaper held up in front of his face, while a woman glares at the back of it, wanting to talk.

26. What is most wives' main expectation of their husbands?

[A] Talking to them.

[B] Trusting them.

[C] Supporting their careers.

[D] Sharing housework.

27. Judging from the context, the phrase“wreaking havoc" (Line 3, Para. 2) most probably means.

[A] gencrating motivation

[B] excrting influcncc

[C] causing damage

[D] crcating pressurc

28. All of the following are true EXCEPT

[A] men tend to talk more in public than women

[B] nearly 50 percent of recent divorces are caused by failed conversation

[C] women atach much importance to communication between couples

[D] a female tends to be more talkative at home than her spouse

29. Which of the following can best summarize the main idea of this text?

[A] The moral decaying deserves more research by sociologists.

[B] Marriage break-up stems from sex inequalities.

[C] Husband and wife have dfferent expectations fom their marriage.

[D] Conversational pttemns between man and wife are dfferenet.

30. In the fllowing part immediately after this text, the author will most probably focus on___.

[A] a vivid account of the new book Divorce Talk

[B] a detailed description of the stercotypical cartoon

[C] other possible reasons for a high divorce rate in the U.S.

[D] a brief introduction to the political scientist Andrew Hacker

Text 3

Over the past decade, many companies had perfected the art of creating automatic behaviors - habits - among consumers. These habits have helped companies earn billions of dollars when customers eat snacks or wipe counters almost without thinking, often in response to a carefully designed set of daily cues.

“There are fundamental publie health problerms, like dirty hands instead of a soap habit, that remain killers only because we can't figure out how to change people's habits," said Dr. Curtis, the director of the Hygiene Center at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine.“We wanted to learn from private industry how to create new behaviors that happen automatically."

The companies that Dr. Curis turned to - Procter & Gamble, Colgate- Palmolive and Unilever - had invested hundreds of millions of dollas finding the subtle cues in consumers' lives that corporations could use to introduce ncw routincs.

If you look hard cnough, you'll find that many of the products we usc cvcry day - chewing gums, skin moisturizers, disinfcting wipes, air fresheners, water purifers, health snacks, teeth whiteners, fabric softeners, vitamins - are results of manufactured habits. A century ago, few people regularly brushed their teeth multiple times a day. Today, bccausc of shrewd advcrtising and public health campaigns, many Amcricans habitually give their pearly whites a cavity preventing scrub twice a day, often with Colgate, Crest or one of the other brands.

A fcw dccadcs ago, many pcoplc didn't drink water outside of a mcal. Thcn beveragc companics started botling the production of far-off springs, and now office workers unthinkingly sip bottled water all day long. Chewing gum, once bought primarily by adolescent boys, is now featured in commercials as a breath freshener and tccth clcanscr for usc aftcr a mcal. Skin moiturizcrs arc adveriscd as part of moming beauty rituals, slippcd in between hair brushing and putting on makeup.

“Our products succeed when they become part of daily or weekly patterns," said Carol Beming, a consumer psychologist who recently retired from Procter & Gamble, the company that sold S76 bllion of Tide, Crest and other products last ycar.“Crcating positive habits is a hugc part of improving our consumers' livcs, and it's csscntial to making new products commercially viable."

Through experiments and observation, social scientists like Dr. Berning have learned that there is power in tying certain behaviors to habitual cues through ruthless advertising. As this new science of habit bas emerged, controversies have erupted when the tactics have been used to sell questionable beauty creams or unhealthy foods.

31. According to Dr. Curtis, habits like hand washing with soap.

[A] should be further cultivated

[B] should be changed gradally

[C] are deeply rooted in history

[D] are basically private concerns

32. Bottled water, chewing gum and skin moisturizers arc mcntioncd in Paragraph 5 so as to___.

[A] reveal their impact on pcoplc's habits

[B] show the urgent nced of daily ncsstis

[C] indicate their efcct on pcople's buying powcr

[D] manifest the significant role of good habits

33. Which of the following does NOT belong to products that help create people's habits?

[A] Tide.

[B] Crest.

[C] Colgatc.

[D] Unilever.

34. From the text we know that some of consumers' habits are developed due to,

[A] perfected art of products

[B] automatic behavior creation

[C] commercial promotions

[D] scientific experiments

35. The author's atude toward the influence of advertisement on people s habits is____.

[A] indifferent

[B] negative

[C] positive

[D] biased

Text4

Many Americans regard the jury systerm as a concrete expression of crucial democratic values, including the principles that all citizens who meet minimal qualifications of age and literacy are equally competent to serve on juries; that jurors should be sclected randomly from a representative cross section of the community; that no citizen should be denied the right to serve on a jury on account of race, religion, sex, or national origin; that defendants are entitled to trial by their peers; and that verdicts should represent the conscience of the community and not just the letter of the law. The jury is also said to be the best surviving example of direct rather than representative democracy. In a direct democracy, citizens take turns goveming themselves, rather than electing representatives to goverm for them.

But as recently as in 1968, jury selection procedures conflicted with these democratic ideals. In some states, for cxamplc, jury duty was limitced to pcrsons of supposcdly supcrion intelligencc, cducation, and moral character.

Although the Supreme Court of the United States had prohibited intentional racial discrimination in jury sclection as early as the 1880 case of Strauder v. West Virginia, the practice of selecting so-calld elite or blue-ribbon juries provided a convcnicnt way around this and other antidiscrimination laws.

The systcm also failed to rcgularly include womcn on jurics until the mid-20th century. Although women first served on state juries in Utah in 1898, it was not until the 1940s that a majority of states made women eligible for jury duty. Even then several states automatically exempted women from jury duty unless they personally asked to have their names included on the jury list. This practice was justified by the claim that women were needed at home, and it kept juries unrepresentative of women through the 1960s.

In 1968, the Congress of the United States passed the Jury Selection and Service Act, ushering in a new era of democratic reforms for the jury. This law abolished special educational requirements for federal jurors and required them to be sclected at random from a cross scction of the cntire comunity. In the landmark 1975 decision Taylor v. Louisiana, the Supreme Court extended the requirement that juries be representative of all parts of the community to the state level. The Taylor decision also declared sex discrimination in jury selection to be unconstitutional and ordered statcs to usc the samc procedurcs for sclccting malc and fcmal jurors.

36. From the principles of the US jury system, we learm that____

[A] both literate and iliterate people can serve on juries

[B] defendants are immune from trial by their peers

[C] no age limit should be imposed for jury service

[D] judgment should consider the opinion of the publie

37. The practice of selecting so-called elite jurors prior to 1968 showed

[A] the inadequacy of antidiscrimination laws

[B] the prevalent discrimination against certain races

[C] the conflicting ideals in jury sclection procedures

[D] the arrogance common among the Supreme Court judges

38. Even in the 1960s, women were seldom on the jury list in some states because.

[A] they were automatically banned by state laws

[B] they fell far short of the required qualifcations

[C] they were supposed to perform domestic duties

[D] they tended to evade public engagement

39. After the Jury Selection and Service Act was passed,

[A] sex discrimination in jury selection was unconstitutional and had to be abolished

[B] educational requirements became less rigid in the selection of federal jurors

[C] jurors at the state level ought to be representative of the entire community

[D] states ought to conform to the federal court in reforming the jury system

40. In discussing the US jury systcm, the tcxt ccnters on,

[A] its nature and problems

[B] its characteristics and tradition

[C] its problems and thcir solutions

[D] its tradition and devclopmcnt

Part B

Directions:

Rcad the following text and decide whether cach of the statcments is truc or falsc. Choosc T if the statcment is truc or F if the staterment is not true. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)

Copying Birds May Save Aireraft Fuel Both Bocing and Airbus havc trumpctcd the cfficicncy of thcir newest aircraft, the 787 and A350 respcctivcly.

Their clever designs and lightweight composites certainly make a difference. But a group of researchers at Stanford University, led by Ilan Kroo, has suggested that airlines could take a more naturalistic approach to cutting jet-fuel usc, and it would not rcquirc them to buy new aircraft.

The answer, says Dr Kroo, lics with birds. Since 1914, scicntists havc known that birds flying in formation - a V-shape一expend less energy. The air flowing over a bird's wings curls upwards behind the wingtips, a phenomenon known as upwash. Other birds flying in the upwash experience reduced drag, and spend less energy propelling themselves. Peter Lissaman, an aeronautics expert who was formerly at Caltech and the University of Southerm Califormnia, has suggested that a formation of 25 birds might enjoy a range increase of 71%.

When applied to aircraft, the principles are not substantially different. Dr Kroo and his team modelled what would happen if three passenger jets departing from Los Angeles, San Francisco and Las Vegas were to assemble over Utah, assume an inverted V-formation, occasionally change places so all could have a turm in the most favourable positions, and proeed to London. They found that the aircraft consumed as much as 15% less fuel (coupled with a reduction in carbon-dioxide output). Nitrogen-oxide emissions during the cruising portions of the flight fell by around a quarter.

There are, of course, knots to be worked out. One consideration is safety, or at least the perception of it. Would passengers feel comfortable travelling in companion? Dr Kroo points out that the aircraft could be separated by several nautical miles, and would not be in the intimnate groupings favoured by display teams like the Red Arrows. A passenger peering out of the window might not even see the other planes. Whether the separation distances involved would satisfty artaffc-control regulations is another matter, although a working group at the International Civil Aviation Organisation has included the pssility of formation flying in a blueprint for new operational guidelines.

It remains to be seen how weather conditions affect the air flows that make formation flight more efficient. In zones of increased turbulence, the planes' wakes will decay more quickly and the effect will diminish. Dr Kroo says this is one of the areas his team will investigate further. It might also be hard for airlines to co ordinate the departure times and destinations of passenger aircraft in a way that would allow them to gain from formation fight. Cargo aircraft, in contrast, might be easier to reschedule, as might routine military flights.

As it happens, America's armed forces are on the case already. Earlier this year the country' 's Defence Advanccd Rcscarch Proiccts Agcncy announced plans to pay Bocing to invcstigatc formation flight, though the programme has yet to begin. There are reports that some military aircraft flew in formation when they were low on fuel during the Second World War, but Dr Lissaman says they are unsubstantiated. "My father was an RAF pilot and my cousin the skipper of a Lancaster lost over Berlin," he adds. So he should know.

41. Findings of the Stanford University recscarchers will promote the salcs of new Bocing and Airbus aircraft.

42. The upwash experience may save propelling energy as well as reducing resitance.

43. Formation flight is more comnfortable because passengers can not see the other planes.

44. The role that weather plays in formation flight has not yet been clearly defined.

45. It has been documented that during World War II, America's armed forces once tried formation flight to save fucl.

Scction II Translation

46. Directions:

In this section there is a text in English. Translate it into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)

“Sustainability" has become a popular word these days, but to Ted Ning, the concept will always have personal meaning. Having endured a painful period of unsustainability in his own life made it clear to him that sustainability-oriented values must be expressed through everyday action and choice.

Ning recalls spending a confusing year in the late 1990s selling insurance. He'd been through the dot-com boom and burst and, desperate for a job, signed on with a Boulder agency. 

It didn't go well.“It was a rcally bad move becausc that's not my passion," says Ning, whosc dilemma about the job translated, predictably, into a lack of sales.“1 was miserable. 1 had so much anxiety that 1 would wake up in the middle of the night and stare at the ceiling. I had no money and needed the job. Everyone said, 'Just wait, you'll turn the cormer, give it somc time."

Part A

47. Directions:

You have just come back from the U.S. as a mcmber of a Sino-Amcrican cultural cxchangc program. Writc a letter to your American colleague to

1) express your thanks for his/her warm reception;

2) welcome him/her to visit China in due course.

You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.

Do not sign your own name at the cnd of the lettcr. Usc“Zhang Wci" instcad.

Do not wrilc your address. (10 points)

Part B

48. Directions:

In this section, you are asked to write an essay based on the fllowing chart. In your writing, you should

1) interpret the chart and

2) give your comments.

You should write at least 150 words.

Write your essay on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)

2010年考研英语(二)参考答案

一、参考答案

Section I Use of English (10 points)

1.D    2.C    3.B    4.A    5.A

6.B    7.D    8.C    9.B    10.A

11.C    12.D    13.D    14.A    15.C

16.B    17.D    18.C    19.A    20.B

Section II Reading Comprehension (50 points)

Part A (40 points)

21.D    22.A    23.B    24.C    25.C

26.A    27.C    28.B    29.D    30.B

31.A    32.A    33.D    34.C    35.B

36.D    37.A    38.C    39.B    40.D

Part B (10 point)

41. F    42.T    43. F    44.T    45. F

Section II Translation (15 points)

46.

最近，“承受力"成了一一个流行词，但对Ted Ning来说，他对其涵义有自己亲身的体会。在经历了一段无法承受的痛苦生活后，他清楚地认识到，台在提高承受力的价值观只有通过每几的行为和抉择才能得到体现。

Ning回忆起九1年代后期销售保险那困惑的年。在经历了网络泡沫的膨胀和破灭后，他急需找到一份工作，因此就与Boulder公司签了约。

但情况并不顺利。“这的确是糟糕的一步，因为它激不起我的工作热情，"Ning 说。不出所料，工作上的进退维谷造成他销售业绩不佳。“我很痛苦，愁肠百结，常常在半夜惊醒，望着天花板发愣。我身无分文,我需要这份工作。大家都说，等等看， 过一段时问情况会好转的。”