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广西民族大学2022 年考研真题：211 翻译硕士英语

科目代码及名称：211 翻译硕士英语

适用科目：055101     英语笔译、055102   英语口译

Part I. Basic English Knowledge (35 points)

Section A: Multiple-choice (20 points)

1. ______ is announced in the papers, our country has launched a large-scale movement against smuggling and fraudulent activities in foreign currency exchange deals.

A. What

B. As

C. Which

D. That

2. Everything _______ into consideration, I propose that the first prize should be given to Maria.

A. to take

B. took

C. taken

D. taking

3. She put an extra blanket over the baby for fear that ______.

A. he catches cold

B. he be catching cold

C. he caught cold

D. he should catch cold

4. Our civilization cannot be thought of as ______ in a short period of time.

A. to have been created

B. to be created

C. having been created

D. being created

5. Just as relaxation is an important part of our lives, _______ stress.

A.so is

B. as it is

C. and so is

D. the same is

6. _______ native to North America, corn has now spread all over the world.

A. In spite of

B. That it is

C. It was

D. Although

7. Clothing made of plastic fibers has certain advantages over _______made of natural fibers like cotton, wool, or silk.

A. one

B. the one

C. that

D. what

8.The students expected there _______ more reviewing classes before the final exams.

A. to be

B. being

C. have been

D. is

9. _______, she led a life of complete seclusion.

A. Being disgraced

B. Disgraced

C. Disgracing

D. She was disgraced

10. ______ for a long time, the fields are all dried up.

A. There has been no rain

B. Having no rain

C. There having been no rain

D. There being no rain

11. ____ of half starving foxes were roaming the snow-covered mountain areas.

A. Herds

B. Packs

C. Flocks

D. Crowds

12. Modern appliances ______ us from a good deal of household work. For instance, the dryer frees us from hanging the laundry.

A. escape

B. benefit

C. liberate

D. comfort

13. They agreed to share in common any _____ of funds after all expenses were paid in full.

A. sufficiency

B. surpass

C. excess

D. surplus

14. My cat is a fussy eater, but my dog is so______ that she’ll swallow down anything that is put in front of her.

A. indiscriminate

B. choosy

C. indefinite

D. picky

15. Well, that is probably all I can say about sports. Next time I’ll take up the topic of some other ______ activities.

A. refreshment

B. entertainment

C. pleasure

D. leisure

16. Sunglasses serve to _____ eyes from the glare of the sun.

A. shield

B. shelter

C. defend

D. guard

17. Some colleges are state-supported, others are privately _____, and still others are supported by religious organizations.

A. entitled

B. endeavored

C. ensured

D. endowed

18. The most important of these leaders was Martin Luther King, a black minister with a great gift for ______ his people.

A. exciting

B. cheering

C. inspiring

D. offering

19. Material abundance has been the life blood which has ______ Americans in their basic beliefs and values.

A. sustained

B. provided

C. favored

D. contributed

20. I _____ a letter to an Internet service that distributes journalists’ questions to more than 850 institutions.

A. assigned

B. dispatched

C. attached

D. detached

Section B: Proofreading and Error Correction (15 points)

Directions: The following passage contains 10 errors. Each indicated line contains a maximum of ONE error. In each case, only ONE word is involved. You should proofread the passage and correct it. Please write your answers on the Answer Sheet

Part II. Reading Comprehension (35 points)

Section A: Multiple-Choice Questions (15 points)

Passage 1

Are you diligently exercising but seeing no results around your midsection? It’s not just you.

Two new studies may explain why many people who begin exercise programs often lose little to no weight in the long run.

In the first study, published in the online science journal PLoS One, researchers compared the daily energy consumption of Westerners and the Hadza, a population of hunter-gatherers living in northern Tanzania. Many believe modern Westerners burn fewer calories because their lives have become more sedentary. The Hadza, who are generally very lean, hunt and look for food without modern tools such as vehicles or guns. Men walk about seven miles each day, while women walk about half that.

What was surprising was that although the Hadza seem to be more active, the researchers found little difference in calories burned between the Hadza and the Westerners.

The second study, published in Obesity Reviews, analyzed the effect of exercise interventions on body composition. The researchers found that contrary to popular belief—when people exercise but keep their energy intake constant, their resting metabolic rate actually goes down. Exercisers who ate more calories than they usually do did burn more fat that predicted, but some overate and negated the effects of their hard work.

These studies suggest two things: exercise programs may not lead to as much calorie burn as you would think, and many people start eating more when they exercise, and they may eat too much.

Bottom line, if you start exercising to lose weight, you won’t succeed with the mentality of “I can eat anything because I’ll burn it off later.” You will have better results if you choose a healthy diet of whole grains, fruits and vegetables, lean proteins and healthy fats while exercising. Although these two studies show that diet may be more important than exercise for weight loss, don’t discount the other benefits of exercise, including decreased stress and anxiety, improved mood and reduced risk of cardiovascular disease, diabetes and some cancers.

31. What do we know about the Hadza?

A. They are fat for they always like to sit down.

B. They do not have modern hunting tools.

C. They walk seven miles every day on average.

D. They live in southern Tanzania.

32. What was the result of the first study?

A. The Westerners seemed to be more active than people thought.

B. The Westerners burned more calories than the Hadza.

C. The Hadza and the Westerners were similar in the calories they burned.

D. The Hadza and the Westerners were very different from each other.

33. What does the word “negated” mean?

A. Denied.

B. Improved.

C. Aroused.

D. Doubled.

34. What do the two studies show?

A. The great importance of exercising.

B. Exercises make people eat too much.

C. Dieting may be not so helpful for weight loss.

D. Exercises do not necessarily lead to weight loss.

35. What’s the best way to lose weight according to the author?

A. Learn to decrease stress and anxiety.

B. Exercise as much as possible.

C. Keep a healthy diet while exercising.

D. Be on diet and give up exercising.

Passage 2

Email has brought the art of letter writing back to life, but some experts think the resulting spread of bad English does more harm than good.

Email is a form of communication that is changing, for the worse, the way we write and use language, say some communication researchers. It is also dramatically changing the way we interact and build relationships. These are a few of the recently recognized features of email, say experts, that should cause individuals and organizations to rethink the way they use email.

“Email has increased the spread of careless writing habits,” says Naomi Baron, a professor of linguistics at American University. She says the poor spelling, grammar, punctuation and sentence structure of emails reflect a growing unconcern to the way we write.

Baron argues that we should not forgive and forget the poor writing often shown in emails. “The more we use email and its tasteless writing, the more it becomes the normal way of writing,” the professor says.

Others say that despite its poor prose, email has accomplished what several generations of English teachers couldn’t: it has made writing fashionable again.

“Email is a critical new communication technology,” says Ian Lancashire, a University of Toronto professor of English. “It fills the gap between spoken language and the formal methods of writing that existed before email. It is the purest form of written speech.”

Lancashire says email has the mysterious ability to get people who are usually scared by writing to get their thoughts flowing easily onto a blank screen. He says this is because of email’s close similarity to speech. “It’s like a circle of four or five people around a campfire,” he says.

Still, he accepts that this new-found freedom to express themselves often gets people into trouble. “Almost every day I get emails that are apologies of previous emails,” he reports.

In the US, the number of emails sent in a day exceeds the number of letters mailed in a year. But more people are recognizing that the content of a typical email message is often imprecise.

This can cause mild confusion or, in the worse cases, disastrous misunderstandings.

Using email effectively is a matter of recognizing its strengths and limitations as a communication tool, says DonCohen, editor of Knowledge Directions, the journal of the Massachusetts-based Institute for Knowledge Management.

“Email is extremely useful for communicating straightforward stuff like the time of a meeting or correct spelling of a name,” Cohen notes. It is not so good for building trust among people and making decisions.”

Email alone can’t communicate the subtlety and signals needed for maintaining a relationship,” he says. Most relationships made through email don’t survive. Yet, the most serious consequence of the increasingly casual, speech-like style of writing being promoted by email could be a gradual loss of critical awareness, Barot believes.

She has noticed a decline in the ability of today’s students to think through an argument.

She also says that many people are being fooled by emails into thinking that spelling and grammar are not important in the electronic medium.

There’s a growing awareness that people who are interested in you either professionally or personally read your email carefully and form impressions of your intelligence and capabilities by what they read,” she reports.

Baron disagrees with linguists who say that emailing will forever change the way we write and speak. “I wouldn’t be surprised if 30 or 40 years from now we get disgusted with how unclear and careless our writing has become and change our teaching methods and standards.”

36. Naomi Baron criticized email due to its .

A. disastrous misunderstanding

B. imprecise information

C. poor writing habits

D. overwhelming popularity

37. What does Ian Lancashire REALLY want to say about email?

A. It is close to speech.

B. It is an important technology.

C. It often gets people into trouble.

D. It is a new form of speech expression.

38. Compared with Baron and Lancashire, Cohen is regarding email writing.

A. fair

B. indifferent

C. optimistic

D. straightforward

39. How can we describe the writer’s attitude toward email?

A. It is objective.

B. It is subjective.

C. It is emotional.

D. It is vague.

40. What is the main idea of this passage?

A. Email has changed how people write nowadays.

B. Email has made some bad influences on people.

C. Email has made the art of letter writing popular again.

D. Email is an important communication technology.

Passage 3

Educators are seriously concerned about the high rate of dropouts among the doctor of philosophy candidates and the consequent loss of talent to a nation in need of Ph.D.

candidates. Some have placed the dropouts’ loss as high as 50 percent. The extent of the loss was, however, largely a matter of expert guessing. Last week a well-rounded study was published. It was based on 2,000 questionnaires sent to former graduate students who were enrolled in 24 universities and it seemed to show many past fears to be groundless.

The rate of dropouts was found to be 31 percent, and in most cases the dropouts, while not completing the Ph.D. requirement, went on to productive work. They are not only doing well financially, but, according to the report, are not far below the income levels of those who went on to complete their doctorates.

Discussing the study last week, Dr. Tucker said the project was initiated “because of the concern frequently expressed by graduate faculties and administrators that some of the individuals who dropped out of Ph.D. programs were capable of competing for the requirement for the degree. Attrition at the Ph.D. level is also thought to be a waste of precious faculty time and a drain on university resources already being used to capacity. Some people expressed the opinion that the shortage of highly trained specialists and college teachers could be reduced by persuading the dropouts to return to graduate schools to complete the Ph.D.

“The results of our research” Dr. Tucker concluded, “did not support these opinions.”

Lack of motivation was the principal reason for dropping out.

Most dropouts went as far in their doctoral program as was consistent with their levels of ability or their specialties.

Most dropouts are now engaged in work consistent with their education and motivation.

Nearly 75 percent of the dropouts said there was no academic reason for their decision, but those who mentioned academic reason cited failure to pass the qualifying examination, uncompleted research and failure to pass language exams. Among the single most important personal reasons identified by dropouts for non-completion of their Ph.D. program, lack of finances was marked by 19 percent.

As an indication of how well the dropouts were doing, a chart showed 2% in humanities were receiving $20,000 and more annually while none of the Ph.D. with that background reached this figure. The Ph.D. shone in the $7,500 to $15,000 bracket, with 78% at that level against 50% for the dropouts. This may also be an indication of the fact that top salaries in the academic fields, where most of Ph.D. tend to rise to the highest salaries, are still lagging behind other fields.

As to the possibility of getting dropouts back on campus, the outlook was glum. The main condition which would have to prevail for at least 25% of the dropouts who might consider returning to graduate school would be to guarantee that they would retain their present level of income and in some cases their present job.

41. The author states that many educators feel that .

A. steps should be taken to get the dropouts back to campus

B. the dropouts should return to a lower quality school to continue their study

C. the Ph. D. holder is generally a better adjusted person than the dropout

D. the high rate of dropouts is largely attributable to the lack of stimulation on the part of faculty members

42. Meeting foreign language requirements for the Ph.D. .

A. is the most frequent reason for dropping out

B. is more difficult for the science candidate than for the humanities candidate

C. is an essential part of many Ph.D. programs

D. does not vary in difficulty among universities

43. After reading the article, one would refrain from concluding that .

A. optimism reigns in regard to getting Ph.D. dropouts to return to their pursuit of the Degree

B. a Ph.D. dropout, by and large, does not have what it takes to learn the degree

C. colleges and universities employ a substantial number of Ph.D. dropouts

D. many Ph.D. are not earning what they deserve in nonacademic positions

44. What causes the high rate of dropouts?

A. The Ph.D. candidates are not capable of finishing their study.

B. The salary for Ph.D. is too low.

C. The Ph.D. candidates want to do some productive works.

D. It’s harder for the Ph.D. candidates to get a good job in the future.

45. According to the context, what does the word “glum” mean in the passage?

A. Promising

B. Critical

C. Pivotal

D. Gloomy

Section B: Cloze (20 points)

Directions: There are two passages in this section. Decide which of the words given in the box would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blank. The words can be used ONCE ONLY. Mark the letter for each word ON THE ANSWER SHEET

Men care about their wedding rings, too. That’s why California-based machinist and designer Jess McWhinney created a 46 of rings for men that he calls Active Wedding Rings for Active Men.

McWhinney, who has a 47 in bicycle and skateboard design, created a line of 48 and stainless-steel wedding rings that have a watch-like clamp that makes it easier to take on and off.

“Why are women willing to wear their wedding rings, but men aren’t?” McWhinney asked Fast Co. Design. “It’s not just because men still want to date other women, although that happens. It’s 49 because it doesn’t fit well, it’s uncomfortable, or it 50 with work or play.”

According to Fast Co., men tend to buy rings on the bigger side in order to 51 them over their knuckles. And from $825 to $3,750, “Active” rings solves that problem in 52 .

“I always think it is 53 that the woman always gets the cool, valuable ring, while the guy gets the 54 metal ring,” McWhinney told Fast Co. But guys don’t want a big shiny diamond on their ring. It's just not our thing. What we do want is something that is functional, well made and kind of trick, so we can 55 it off to our friends.”

Airbnb has been in our lives for many years. The room-and-house rental website has completely revolutionized the travel industry and put hotels on notice that they need to step up to their competition.

But even though Airbnb can be 56 wonderful, it can also be confusing for first-timers. Just yesterday I was talking to a neighbor who was so excited about renting out her apartment. She was pretty sure all she had to do was download the app and like 57 someone would come to her place and give her money while she went out of town.

It is simple, but it isn’t that simple. Here are a few things you need to know before you get started.

1. You might be breaking the 58. Cities like New York and San Francisco have really cracked down on people renting out their places on Airbnb. Not only are they cracking down, but they are 59 fines, and those fines can run up to $10,000. Make sure to do everything correctly and check in with your landlord before you even create a 60 page.

2. You are protected. Hosts are protected up to $1,000,000 with an Airbnb Host Guarantee. Essentially it means you are protected from major property 61 when a guest stays in your home.

3. There are some things that aren’t protected. Airbnb is very clear on its website that “certain types of property, such as jewelry, collectibles and artwork have more 62 protections. Hosts may want to 63 or remove such valuables when renting their place.”

4. You should have the insurance for homeowners or renters. You should have this anyway, but 64 if you are renting your house out to strangers on the Internet. There are plenty of situations in which your own insurance will give you 65 that Airbnb cannot.

Part III. Writing (30 points)

Directions: More and more people are experiencing some kind of mental health problem nowadays, which may cause various mental illness. Write an essay of about 400 words entitled “How to Keep Psychologically Healthy?”. Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the instructions may result in a loss of mark.