桂林理工大学2022年考研专业课真题：630综合英语

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桂林理工大学2022年考研专业课真题：630综合英语

适用专业：0502外国语言文学

Part I Structure and Expression (30分,每题1分)

Directions: In this section there are 30 sentences followed by four multiple choices. Choose one to complete the sentences. Mark your answers on the Answer Sheet.

1. Experience shows that success is not so much due to ability ____ to diligence.

A. but

B. as

C. as if

D. but also

2. Reading is to the mind ____ food is to the body.

A. what

B. as

C. as if

D. like

3. It's never ____ late to stop smoking.

A. quite

B. very

C. so

D. too

4. ____ all the fortune he owned, he still failed to win the love from the princess.

A. For

B. With

C. On

D. Despite

5. And time ____ ,I will have a readout of that.

A. permits

B. permitting

C. permitted

D. to permit

6. What looks obvious in ____ was not at all obvious at the time.

A. foresight

B. insight

C. hindsight

D. eyesight

7. The award was established in 1902 as a special distinction for ____ men and women.

A. imminent

B. dominant

C. preeminent

D. eminent

8. Jitters in the markets may take time to ____

A. compel

B. expel

C. dispel

D. propel

9. They may also ____ in us the habit of sharing, being friendly, brave, and all the other virtues.

A. distill

B. instill

C. still

D. standstill

10. An enterprise has to ____ certain costs and expenses in order to stay in business.

A. incur

B. occur

C. concur

D. recur

11. You need to be more flexible and _____ in your approach.

A. imaginal

B. imaginable

C. imaginary

D. imaginative

12. She had allowed her membership to ____

A. collapse

B. lapse

C. laps

D. elapse

13. Or, a property deal may____ because someone is being too intransigent and inflexible.

A. fallen down

B. fallen through

C. fallen apart

D. fallen off

14. It's not very advisable for one to ____ past losses and gains.

A. dwell at

B. dwell down

C. dwell in

D. dwell on .

15. You really need ____ your point home to the audience in the lecture.

A. hampered

B. sent

C. drove

D. came

16. It is naive to expect that any society can resolve all the social problems that it faces____.

A. once for all

B. for all

C. for good

D. for better.

17. The global markets continue to see-saw on the ____ of another recession.

A. edge

B. verge

C. blink

D. threshold

18. Curiosity is the best ____ for knowledge.

A. relish

B. favor

C. joy

D. delight

19. Only an effective ____ between filmmakers and art historians can create films that will enhance viewers' perceptions of art.

A. cooperation

B. accordance

C. coordination

D. collaboration

20. Other inventions may have transformed our material existence, but the ____ of language is what made us human.

A. adventure

B. advert

C. advent

D. advertise

21. These plants are ____ in the thermostatic chamber.

A. nurtured

B. nursed

C. grown

D. reared

22. The airline's insurer is ____ for damages to the victims' families.

A. objective

B. liable

C. simultaneous

D. subjected

23. Even if true, that will not ____ the downward pressure on the economy.

A. deteriorate

B. motivate

C. alleviate

D. activate

24. There are still many countries in the world that are ____ by a resource curse".

A. suffered

B. injured

C. spoiled

D. afflicted

25. While enriching their imagination, books widen their ____ ,develop a fact-finding attitude and train them to use leisure properly.

A. outlook

B. outbreak

C. output

D. outcome

26. The school's approach must be ____ to that of the parents.

A. supplementary

B. complementary

C. subsidiary

D. secondary

27. It reflects a ____ worry in the Arab world about the state of the language.

A. chronic

B. habitual

C. historical

D. perennial

28. So a price mechanism and market is needed to ____ the competition for a scarce resource.

A. mediate

B. meditate

C. reconcile

D. compromise

29. Premature moves in this respect might well ____ a reaction against the reform.

A. inspire

B. irritate

C. provoke

D. advocate

30. Even so, there is just one flaw in all these hymns of praise, for the ____ to languages unique accomplishment conceals a simple yet critical incongruity.

A. honor

B. love

C. attribute

D. homage

Part II Figure of Speech (10分,每题1分)

Directions: Identify the figure of speech in each of the following sentences. Choose the best answer the box and write the corresponding letters of your answers on the Answer Sheet.

A. Metaphor B. Paradox C. Oxymoron D. Personification

E. Alliteration F. Parody G. Synecdoche H. Antithesis

I. Transferred Epithet J. Hyperbole

1. More haste, less speed.

2. Give me liberty, or give me death. .

3. No light, but rather darkness visible.

4. Rome was not built in a day, nor in a year.

5. She listened to him with smiling attention.

6. There are about 100 hands working in his factory.

7. Nobody can go from rags to riches without efforts.

8. The night gently lays her hand at our fevered heads.

9. When she heard the bad news, a river of tears poured out.

10. Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested.

Part III Blank Filling (20分,每空1分)

Directions: Choose a proper word from the box to fill in each blank in the following passage.

Each word can be used only once. Write the corresponding letters of your answers on the Answer Sheet.

A. trip B. faster C. keep D. means E. improving

F. part G. average H. proportionally I. months J. purchasing

K. cost L. in M. nearly N. influence O. replaced

P. income Q. superior R. recently S. as T. buy

Before the 20n century the horse provided day to day transportation in the United States. Trains were used only for long-distance transportation.

Today the car is the most popular _1_ of transportation in all of the United States. It has completely _2_ the horse as a means of everyday transportation. Americans use their cars for _3_ 90 percent of all personal _4_ .

Most Americans are able to_5_ cars. The average price of a_6_ made car was $2050 in 1950, $2740 in 1960 and up to $4750 _7_ 1975. During this period American car manufacturers set about_ 8_ their products and work efficiency.

As a result, the yearly income of the_9_ family increased from 1950 to 1975 _10_ than the price of cars. For this reason_ 11_ a new car takes a smaller _12_ of a family's total earning today.

In 1951_13_ it took 8.1 months of an average family's _14_ to buy a new car. In 1962 a new car_15_ 8.3 of a family's annual earnings. By 1975 it only took 4.75_16_income. In addition, the 1975 cars were technically_ 17_ to models from previous years.

The_18_ of the automobile extends throughout the economy_19_ the car is so important to Americans. Americans spend more money to_ 20_ their running than on any other item.

Part IV Paraphrase (20分,每题2分)

Directions: Explain the following sentences in your own words and write your answers on the Answer Sheet.

1. The stronger the will, the more futile the task.

2. He notes that speedy action can be embarrassing or extremely costly.

3. Associating beauty with women has put beauty even further on the defensive, morally.

4. Yet for all the trouble procrastination may incur, delay can often inspire and revive a creative soul.

5. But it is the technologically produced environment that matters for the individual.

6. In unskilled or uncaring hands a handmade basket or boat can fall apart as quickly as basket or boats made by machines.

7. The outstanding characteristic of man's creativeness is the ability to transmute trivial impulses into momentous consequences.

8. Choosing words is part of the process of realization, of defining our thoughts and feelings for ourselves, as well as for those who hear or read our words.

9. Nothing in life is more exciting and rewarding than the sudden flash of light that leaves you a changed person - not only changed, but changed for the better.

10. Granted, a snobbery of camping itself, based upon equipment and techniques, already exists; but it is a kind that, if meets it, he can readily understand and deal with.

Part V Word Formation (10分,每题1分)

Directions: Write out the full form of the following words and write your answers on the Answer Sheet.

1. ASEAN 2. APEC 3. CIIE 4. BRICS 5. GDP

6. flu 7. Edutainment 8. Biotech 9. Netizen 10. gym

Part VI General Knowledge (10分,每题1分)

Directions: Choose the best answer to each of the 10 multiple-choice questions. Mark your answers on the Answer Sheet.

1.“Big Apple" is a nickname for the City of ____ in the United States.

A. New York

B. Washington

C. Atlanta

D. Boston

2. The Maori people are natives of ____.

A. Australia，

B. Canada

C. Ireland

D. New Zealand

3. Canada is bounded on the north by ____.

A. the Pacific Ocean

B. the Atlantic Ocean

C. the Arctic Ocean

D. the Great Lakes

4. British recorded history begins with the ____ invasion.

A. Roman

B. Viking

C. Anglo-Saxon .

D. Norman

5. Transformational Generative Grammar was introduced by ____ in 1957.

A. L. Bloomfield

B. N. Chomsky

C. F. Saussure

D.M. A. K. Halliday

6. The branch of linguistics that studies how context influences the way speakers interpret sentences is called ____.

A. psycholinguistics

B. semantics

C. pragmatics

D. sociolinguistics

7. The English Renaissance period was an age of ____.

A. poetry and drama

B. drama and novel

C. novel and poetry

D. romance and poetry

8. The image of the famous “henpecked husband" is created by ____.

A. Fennimore Cooper

B. Washington Irving

C. Edith Wharton

D. William Dean Howells

19. ____ is written by Walt Whitman.

A. Leaves of Grass

B. English Traits

C. Nature

D. Representative Men

10. The morpheme “scope” in the common word “telescope" is a(n)___

A. bound morpheme

B. bound form

C. inflectional morpheme

D. free morpheme

Part VII Proof Reading and Error Correction (10分)

Directions: The following passage contains 10 errors. Each line contains a maximum of one error, In each case only one word is involved. You should proofread the passage and correct it in the following way. Write your answers on the Answer Sheet.

For a wrong word, underline the wrong word and write the correct one in the blank provided at the end of the line.

For a missing word, mark the position of the missing word with a“^”sing and write the word you believe to be missing in the blank provided at the end of the line.

Pronouncing a language is a skill. Every normal person is expert

in the skill of pronouncing his own language, and few people are even 1.____

moderately proficient at pronouncing foreign languages. Now there

are many reasons about this, some obvious, some perhaps not so 2. ____

obvious. But I suggest that the fundamental reason why people in

general do not speak foreign languages very better than they do is that 3. ____

they fail to grasp the true name of the problem of learning to

pronounce, and consequently never set about tackling it by the right 4. ____

way. Far too many people fail to realize that pronounce a foreign 5. ____

language is a skill, one that needs careful training of a special kind,

and one that cannot be acquired by just leaving it to take care of

himself. I think even teachers of language, while recognizing the 6. ____

importance of a good accent, tend to neglect， in their practical

teaching, the branch of study concerning with speaking the language. 7. ____

So the first point I want to make is that English pronunciation must be

taught. The teacher may be prepared to devote some of the lesson

time to this, and by his whole attitude to the subject he should get the 8. ____

student to feel that here is a matter worth of receiving his close 9. ____

attention. So, there should be occasions where other aspects of 10. ____

English, such as grammar or spelling, are allowed for the moment to

take a secondary place.

Part VIII Reading Comprehension (40分,每题2分)

Directions: In this section there are five reading passages followed by a total of twenty multiple-choice questions. Read the passages and mark your answers on the Answer Sheet.

TEXT A

This fishing village of 1,480 people is a bleak and lonely place. Set on the southwestern edge of Iceland, the volcanic landscape is whipped by the North Atlantic winds, which hush everything around them. A sculpture at the entrance to the village depicts a naked man facing a wall of seawater twice his height. There is no movie theater, and many residents never venture to the capital, a 50-min. drive away.

But Sandgerdi might be the perfect place to raise girls who have mathematical talent. Government researchers two years ago tested almost every 15-year-old in Iceland for it and found that boys trailed far behind girls. That fact was unique among the 41 countries that participated in the standardized test for that age group designed by the Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development. But while Iceland's girls were alone in the world in their significant lead in math, their national advantage of 15 points was small compared with the one they had over boys in fishing villages like Sandgerdi, where it was closer to 30.

The teachers of Sandgerdi's 254 students were only mildly surprised by the results. They say the gender gap is a story not of talent but motivation. Boys think of school as sufferings on the way to a future of finding riches at sea; for girls, it's their ticket out of town. Margret Ingporsdottir and Hanna Maria Heidarsdottir, both 15, students at Sandgerdi's gleaming school - which has a science laboratory, a computer room and a well-stocked library - have no doubt that they are headed for university. “I think I will be a pharmacist,” says Heidarsdottir. The teens sat in Principal Gudjon Kristjansson's office last week, waiting for a ride to the nearby town of Kevlavik, where they were competing in West Iceland's yearly math contest, one of many throughout Iceland in which girls excel.

Meanwhile, by the harbor, Gisli Tor Hauksson, 14, already has big plans that don't require spending his afternoons toiling over geometry. “I'll be a fisherman," he says, just like most of his ancestors. His father recently returned home from 60 days at sea off the coast of Norway. “He came back with 1.1 million krona," about $18,000, says Hauksson. As for school, he says, “it destroys the brain." He intends to quit at 16, the earliest age at which he can do so legally. “A boy sees his older brother who has been at sea for only two years and has a better car and a bigger house than the hcadmaster," says Kristjansson.

But the story of female achievement in Iceland doesn't necessarily have a happy ending. Educators have found that when girls leave their rural enclaves to attend universities in the nation's cities, their science advantage generally shrinks. While 61% of university students are women, they make up only one-third of ICceland's science students. By the time they enter the labor market, many are overtaken by men, who become doctors, engineers and computer technicians. Educators say they watch many bright girls suddenly flinch back in the face of real, head-to-head competition with boys. In a math class at a Reykjavik school, Asgeir' Gurdmundsson, 17, says that although girls were consistently brighter than boys at school, “they just seem to leave the technical jobs to us.” Says Solrun Gensdottir, the director of education at the Ministry of Education, Science and Culture:“We have to find a way to stop girls from dropping out of sciences."

Teachers across the country have begun to experiment with ways to raise boys to the level of girls in elementary and secondary education. The high school in Kevlavik tried an experiment in 2002 and 2003, separating 16-to-20-year-olds by gender for two years. That time the boys slipped even further behind.“The boys said the girls were better anyway,” says Kristjan Asmundsson, who taught the 25 boys. “They didn't even try.'

1. Which of the following word can best describe Sandgerdi?

A. Desolate.

B. Poor.

C. Bustling.

D. Thriving.

2. The fifth paragraph suggests that in the field of science.

A. women have advantages over men in competition

B. women tend to be in a less embarrassing level

C. men are playing more important role

D. men are one third less than women in number

3. What makes girls do better than boys in math according to the teachers at Sandgerdi?

A. Talent.

B. Motivation.

C. Gender differences.

D. Teaching methods.

4. Girls flinch back in the competition with boys most probably because

A. they are short of confidence in themselves

B. eemployers often prefer boys to take technical jobs

C. they have poorer performance in technical jobs

D. they are willing to leave technical jobs to boys

5. Which of the following is the best title for this passage?

A. A Village in Iceland

B. A Land Where Girls Rule in Math

C. Boys Cleverer Than Girls?

D. Science Students in Sandgerdi

TEXTB

A period of climate change about 130,000 years ago would have make water travel easier by lowering sea levels and creating navigable lakes and rivers in the Arabian Peninsula, the study says. Such a shift would have offered early modern humans - which arose in Africa about 200,000 years ago - a new route through the formerly scorching northern deserts into the Middle East. The new paper was spurred by the discovery of several 120,000-year-old tools at a desert archaeological site in the United Arab Emirates. The presence of the tools - whose design is uniquely African, experts say - so early in the region suggests early humans marched out of Africa into the Arabian Peninsula directly from the Horm of Africa, roughly presentday Somalia. Previously, scientists had thought humans first left via the Nile Valley or the Far East.

“Up fill now we thought of cultural developments leading to the opportunity of people to move out of Africa,”said study co-author Hans-Peter Uerpmann, a retired archaeobiologist at the University of Tibingen in Germany.“Now we see, I think, that it was the environment that was the key to this," Uerpmann said during a press briefing Wednesday.

The discovery "leaves a lot of possibilities for human migrations, and keeping this in mind, might change our view completely.” During the past few years, a series of tools were discovered at the Jebel Faya site in the U.A.E., some of which - such as hand axes - had a two-sided appearance previously seen only in early Africa.

Scientists used luminescence dating to determine the age of sand grains buried with the stone tools. This technique measures naturally occurring radiation stored in the sand. For the climatic data, scientists studied the climate records of ancient lakes and rivers in cave stalagmites, as well as changes in the level of the Red Sea. This warmer period 130,000 years or so ago caused more rainfall on the Arabian Peninsula, turning it into a series of lush rivers that humans might have boated or rafted.

During. this period the southern Red Sea's levels dropped, offering a“brief window of time”for humans to easily cross the sea - which was then as little as 2.5 miles wide, according to Adrian Parker, a physical geographer from Oxford Brookes University in the United Kingdom.

Once humans entered the peninsula, they dispersed and likely reached the Jebel Faya site by about 125,000 years ago, according to the study, published in the journal Science.

Geneticist Spencer Wells called the discovery a“very interesting find," especially because the Arabian Peninsula is becoming a hot spot for archaeological finds - particularly underwater, since the Persian Gulf was a fertile river delta during early human migrations. But he noted that the study doesn't“rewrite the book on what we know about human migratory history.”That's because tools dating to the same period have already been found in Israel, so it's “consistent with what we suspected" about an earlier wave of migration into the Middle East, said Wells, director of the National Geographic Society's Genographic Project. Wells also noted there's no evidence yet that the migrants in the new paper were our ancestors -- the group, and their genes, may have died out long ago.

Bence Viola, of the Max Planck-Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipzig, Germany, agreed the finding was interesting but not that surprising, also citing the evidence of humans in Israel about 120,000 years ago. Viola, who wasn't involved in the study, added that the migration route proposed in the paper makes sense on another level -- the Arabian Peninsula would have been something early humans were used to. “If you look even today, the environment in the Horn of Africa, in Somalia or northern Ethiopia, is similar to what you see in Oman or Yemen -- not like the big desert," Viola noted.“It's not like they needed to adapt to a completely different environment -- it's an environment that they knew.”

Why they made the trek is another question, since they wouldn't have been hurting for food or resources in their African homeland, Viola noted. “Curiosity,” he said, “is a pretty human desire."

6. The word“scorching' in the first paragraph means

A. aboriginal

B. primitive

C. luxuriant

D. baking-hot

7. According to Hans-Peter, which of the following statements is CORRECT?

A. The cultural improvement caused the relocation.

B. Cultural development is crucial to human society.

C. The essence of the migration is the environment.

D. The discovery has changed our view completely.

8. The scientists resorted to the following data sources in the research EXCEPT?

A. radiation of the ancient lake water.

B. radiation detected in the sand.

C. the fluctuation of ocean levels.

D. appearance of the stone tools.

9. The phrase“offering a 'brief window of time’for humans to easily cross the sea”(5^th paragraph) is closest in meaning to

A. providing a panoramic view of the sea and an easier way to cross it

B. Only a small window zone of the sea as lttle as 2.5 miles wide could be crossed.

C. The descending supplied a temporary opportunity to cross the sea easily.

D. The sea was as narrow as a window so that people could cross it without effort.

10. The scientists' attitude towards the study published in the journal Science is

A. skeptical

B. enthusiastic

C. astonished

D. indifferent

TEXT C

Under the 1996 constitution, all 11 of South Africa's official languages “must enjoy equality of esteem and be treated equitably". In practice English, the mother tongue of just 8% of the people, increasingly dominates all the others. Its hegemony may even threaten the long-term survival of the country's African languages, spoken as the mother tongue of 80% of South Africans, despite the government's repeated promises to promote and protect indigenous languages and culture.

Under apartheid, there were just two official languages, English and Afrikaans, a variant of Dutch with a dash of French, German, Khoisan (spoken by so-called Bushmen and Hottentots), Malay and Portuguese. Pre- colonial African languages were relegated to the black townships and tribal "homelands”. Even there, English was often chosen as the medium of education in preference to the inhabitants' mother tongues. Black South Africans increasingly rejected Afrikaans as the language of the main oppressor; English was a symbol of advancement and prestige.

Today, 16 years after the advent of black-majority rule, English reigns supreme. Not only is it the medium of business, finance, science and the internet, but also of government, education, broadcasting, the press, advertising, street signs, consumer products and the music industry. For such things Afrikaans is also occasionally used, especially in the Western Cape Province, but almost never an African tongue. The country's Zulu-speaking president, Jacob Zuma, makes all his speeches in English. Parliamentary debates are in English. Even the instructions on bottles of prescription drugs come only in English or Afrikaans.

Yet most black South Africans are not proficient in English. This is because most of their teachers give lessons in a language that is not their own. To give non English-speaking children a leg- up, the government agreed last year that all pupils should be taught in their mother tongue for at least the first three years of primary school. But outside the rural areas, where one indigenous language prevails, this is neither financially nor logistically feasible.

Some people suggest reducing the number of official Languages to a more manageable three: English, Afrikaans and Zulu, the mother tongue of nearly a quarter of South Africans. But non-Zulus would object. Unless brought up on a farm, few whites speak an African language. For the school-leaving exam, proficiency in at least two languages is required. But most native English-speakers opt for Afrikaans, said to be easy to learn, rather than a useful but harder African tongue. At universities African-language departments are closing.

Some effort is being made to protect African languages from this apparently inexorable decline. The Sunday Times, South Africa's biggest-selling weekend paper, recently launched a Zulu edition. In September the Oxford University Press brought out the first isiZulu-English dictionary in more than 40 years.

Many of the black elite, who send their children to English-speaking private schools or former white state schools, may accept English emerging as the sole national language. Many talk English to their children at home. Fluency in the language of Shakespeare is regarded as a sign of modernity, sophistication and power.

Will South Africa's black languages suffer the fate of the six languages brought by the country's first Indian settlers 150 years ago Maybe so, thinks Rajend Mesthrie at the University of Cape Town. For the first 100-odd years, he says, South Africa's Indians taught and spoke to their children in their native tongues. But English is now increasingly seen as“the best way forward”. Today most young Indians speak only English or are bilingual in English and Afrikaans, though they may continue to chat at home in a kind of pidgin English mixed with Indian and Zulu.

11. The world “hegemony" in the first paragraph means____.

A. ascendancy

B. ownership

C. influence

D. reputation

12. The decline of African languages is due to all of the following EXCEPT____.

A. African languages are seldom used officially

B. The leaders use English rather than African languages

C. The dominance of English among the public

D. Most of the Africans are good at English

13. Which of the following efforts has been taken to halt the extinction of African languages?

A. African language has been regarded as a sign of modernity and sophistication.

B. All pupils should be taught in their mother tongue in primary school.

C. The number of official languages has recently been reduced to three. .

D. The best-selling weekend newspaper has issued an African-language version.

14. According to the passage, most Black South Africans view English as something of___.

A. commercial value

B. great value for livelihood

C. power and success

D. civilization and reputation

15. What is the author's feeling towards the disappearance of African languages?

A. Disappointed

B. Optimistic

C. Neutral

D. Critical，

TEXT D

Adam Smith, the Scottish professor of moral philosophy, was thrilld by his recognition of order in the economic system. His book, The Wealth of Nations (1776), is the germinal book in the field of economics which earned him the title “the father of economics".

In Smith's view, a nation's wealth was dependent upon production, not agriculture alone. How much it produced, he believed, depended upon how well it combined labor and the other factors of production. The more efficient the combination, the greater the output, and the greater the nation's wealth.

The essence of Smith's economic philosophy was his belief that an economy would work

best if left to function on its own without government regulation. In those circumstances, self- interest would lead business firms to produce only those products that consumers wanted, and to produce them at the lowest possible cost. They would do this, not as a means of benefiting society, but in an effort to outperform their competitors and gain the greatest profit. But all this self interest would benefit society as a whole by providing it with more and better goods and service, at the lowest prices.

Smith said in his book: "Every individual endeavors to employ his capital so that its produce may be of greatest value. He generally neither intends to promote the public interest, nor knows how much he is promoting it. He intends only his own security, only his gain. And he is in this led by an invisible hand to promote that which was no part of his intention. By pursuing his own interest he frequently promotes that of society more efectually than when he really intends to promote.”

The“invisible hand" was Smith's name for the economic forces that we today would call supply and demand, Smith agreed with the physiocrats and their policy of“laissez faire", letting individuals and businesses function without interference from government regulation. In that way the“invisible hand" would be free to guide the economy and maximize production.

Smith was very critical of monopolies which restricted the competition that he saw as vital for economic prosperity. He recognized that the virtues of the market mechanism are fully realized only when the checks and balances of perfect competition are present. Perfect competition refers to a market in which no firm or consumer is large enough to affect the market price. The invisible hand theory is about economies in which all the markets are perfectly competitive. In such circumstances, markets will produce an efficient allocation of resources, so sthat an economy is on its production- possibility frontier. When all industries are subject to the checks and balances of perfect competition, markets can produce an efficient bundle of products with the most efficient techniques and using the minimum against amount of inputs. But when monopolies become pervasive, the remarkable efficiency properties of the invisible economic philosophy?

16. What is the core of Adam Smith's economic philosophy?

A. Sclf-intcrest is the life-line of economic activities.

B. Government shouldn't intervene in the economy.

C. Competition will benefit the society for consumers' needs are tended.

D. Economic forces should be intended to promote public interest.

17. What does the "invisible hand" refer to?

A. Supply and demand.

B. Laissez faire.

C. Self-interest.

D. Market mechanism.

18. In Smith's view, monopolies

A. will lead the economy to cessation