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2017年考研英语二阅读理解真题及参考答案

Section II Reading Comprehension

Part A

Directions:

Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)

Text 1

Every Saturday morning, at 9 a.m, more than 50,000 runners set off to run 5km around their local park. The Parkrun phenomenon began with a dozen friends and has inspired 400 events in the UK and more abroad. Events are free, staffed by thousands of volunteers. Runners range from four years old to grandparents; their times range from Andrew Baddeley's world record 13 minutes 48 seconds up to an hour.

Parkrun is succeeding where London's Olympic "legacy”is failing. Ten years ago on Monday, it was announced that the Games of the 30th Olympiad would be in London. Planning documents pledged that the great legacy of the Games would be to level a nation of sport lovers away from their couches. The population would be fitter, healthier and produce more winners. It has not happened. The number of adults doing weekly sport did rise, by nearly 2 million in the run- up to 2012一but the general population was growing faster. Worse, the numbers are now falling at an accelerating rate. The opposition claims primary school pupils doing at least two hours of sport a week have nearly halved. Obesity has risen among adults and children. Official retrospections continue as to why London 2012 failed to“inspire a generation." The success of Parkrun offers answers.

Parkun is not a race but a time trial: Your only competitor is the clock. The ethos welcomes anybody. There is as much joy over a puffed-out first-timer being clapped over the line as there is about top talent shining. The Olympic bidders, by contrast, wanted to get more people doing sports and to produce more elite athletes. The dual aim was mixed up: The stress on success over taking part was intimidating for newcomers.

Indeed, there is something a little absurd in the state getting involved in the planning of such a fundamentally“grassroots", concept as community sports associations. If there is a role for government, it should really be getting involved in providing common goods- making sure there is space for playing fields and the money to pave tennis and netball courts, and encouraging the provision of all these activities in schools. But successive governments have

presided over selling green spaces, squeezing money from local authorities and declining attention on sport in education. Instead of wordy, worthy strategies, future governments need to do more to provide the conditions for sport to thrive. Or at least not make them worse.

21. According to Paragraph1, Parkrun has_

A. gained great popularity

B. created many jobs

C. strengthened community ties

D. become an official festival

22. The author believes that London's Olympic "legacy" has failed to_

A. boost population growth

B. promote sport participation

C. improve the city's image

D. increase sport hours in schools

23. Parkrun is different from Olympic games in that it

A. aims at discovering talents ;

B. focuses on mass competition

C. does not emphasize elitism

D. does not attract first-timers

24. With regard to mass sport, the author holds that governments should

A. organize "grassroots" sports events

B. supervise local sports associations

C. increase funds for sports clubs

D. invest in public sports facilities

25. The author's attitude to what UK governments have done for sports is____

A. Tolerant

B. Critical

C. Uncertain

D. sympathetic

【答案解析】

21.

[答案] A

[解析]根据题干关键词Paragraph 1和Parkrun可以定位到首段第二句。定位句指出，“ 公园跑这种现象最初是在十几个朋友间发起的，后来在英国境内发展到400多个，在英国之外的影响更深广泛”，随后作者又提到公园跑的参与者从四岁大的小孩到祖父母年纪的老人不等，由此可知，公园跑受到了民众的欢迎，得到了普及，故正确答案为A。

22.

[答案] B

[解析]根据题干关键词The author, London's Olympic "legacy"和failed定位至第二段前五句。定位段首句指出伦敦奥运会所造成的影响并不令人满意，第二、三、四句具体说明人们对伦敦奥运会的期望。第五句明确指出It has not. happened,此处与题干里的failed吻合，通过对第二、三、四句进行分析总结可知，这三句所描述的都是民众参加体育运动的具体表现，由此可知，正确答案为B。

23.

[答案] C

[解析]根据题干关键词Parkrun, different, Olympic games可以定位到第三段第四句。第四句中的by contrast与题干中的different相吻合，本句表达的观点是“不同的是，奥林匹克运动的提倡者想要让更多的人参与体育运动，以产生更多的精英运动员”，原文中的elite athletes对应C中的elitism“精英主义”，由此可知，正确答案为C。

24.

[答案] D

[解析]根据题干关键词mass sport, the author, governments可定位到文章第四段第二句，该句指出“如果政府可以扮演角色，它应该致力于提供公共设施:确保有地方修建运动场，有资金铺设网球场和无挡板篮球场，并且鼓励学校提供此类体育运动项目”。由此可知，作者认为政府应该投资建设公共体育设施，故正确答案为D。

25.

[答案] B

[解析]根据题干关键词author's attitude，UK governments可定位到文章第四段第三、四、五句。定位句指出“但是历届政府只管卖绿地，挤压地方政府的资金，不关注体育教育。冗长、崇高的战略是没有用的，未来的政府应该多做实事，提供让体育事业繁荣发展的条件。至少也应做到对英国政府所持有的批判态度，故正确答案为B。

Text 2

With so much focus on children's use of screens, it's easy for parents to forget about their own screen use. “Tech is designed to really suck on you in," says Jenny Radesky in her study of digital play, "and digital products are there to promote maximal engagement. It makes it hard to disengage, and leads to a lot of bleed-over into the family routine."

Radesky has studied the use of mobile phones and tablets at mealtimes by giving mother-child pairs a food-testing exercise. She found that mothers who sued devices during the exercise started 20 percent fewer verbal and 39 percent fewer nonverbal interactions with their children. During a separate observation, she saw that phones became a source of tension in the family. Parents would be looking at their emails while the children would be making excited bids for their attention.

Infants are wired to look at parents' faces to try to understand their world, and if those faces are blank and unresponsive- as they often are when absorbed in a device - - it can be extremely disconcerting foe the children.

Radesky cites the“still face experiment" devised by developmental psychologist Ed Tronick in the 1970s. In it, a mother is asked to interact with her child in a normal way before putting on a blank expression and not giving them any visual social feedback; The child becomes increasingly distressed as she tries to capture her mother's attention.

“Parents don't have to be exquisitely parents at all times, but there needs to be a balance and parents need to be responsive and sensitive to a child's verbal or nonverbal expressions of an emotional need," says Radesky.

On the other hand, Tronick himself is concerned that the worries about kids' use of screens are born out of an “oppressive ideology that demands that parents should always be interacting” with their children: “It's based on a somewhat fantasized, very white, very upper-middle-class ideology that says if you're failing to expose your child to 30,000 words you are neglecting them." Tronick believes that just because a child isn't learning from the screen doesn't mean there's no value to it一particularly if it gives parents time to have a shower, do housework or simply have a break from their child. Parents, he says, can get a lot out of using their devices to speak to a friend or get some work out of the way. This can make them feel happier, which lets then be more available to their child the rest of the time.

26. According to Jenny Radesky, digital products are designed to

A. simplify routine matters

B. absorb user attention

C. better interpersonal relations

D. increase work efficiency

27. Radesky's food-testing exercise shows that mothers' use of devices

A. takes away babies' appetite

B. distracts children's attention

C. slows down babies' verbal development

D. reduces mother-child communication

28. Radesky's cites the“till face experiment" to show that

A. it is easy for children to get used to blank expressions

B. verbal expressions are unnecessary for emotional exchange

C. children are insensitive to changes in their parents' mood

D. parents need to respond to children's emotional needs

29. The oppressive ideology mentioned by Tronick requires parents to

A. protect kids from exposure to wild fantasies

B. teach their kids at least 30,000 words a year

C. ensure constant interaction with their children

D. remain concerned about kid's use of screens

30. According to Tronick, kid's use of screens may_

A. give their parents some free time

B. make their parents more creative

C. help them with their homework

D. help them become more attentive

【答案解析】

26.

[答案] B

[解析]根据题干关键词Jenny Radesky和designed to可以定位到第一段第二句。 该定位句提到，珍妮●罗德斯基在她关于数字游戏的研究中指出“技术设计的初衷就是要把你吸引住，数字产品本身就是要让关注达到最大化。”由此可知，罗德斯基认为数字产品设计的初衷就是要吸引用户的注意，故正确答案为B.

27.

[答案] D

[解析]根据题干关键词food-testing exercise可以定位到第二段第一、二句。定位句说明，罗德斯基通过食物测试活动来研究就餐时间使用移动电话和平板的影响，结果发现在活动中使用这些设备的母亲与孩子之间的言语交流减少了20%，非言语交流减少了39%，由此可知，母亲使用电子设备会减少亲子间的交流，故正确答案为D。

28.

[答案] D

[解析]根据题干关键词"still face experiment" 可以定位到第三段第二、三、四句，其中第三句介绍了这个实验的过程和发现，指出母亲由正常交流变得面无表情时，孩子为吸引母亲关注变得越来越苦恼，第四句中罗德斯基点评父母应该对孩子情感需求的言语或非言语表达足够敏感并有所反应，由此可知，“静止面部实验”表明父母应该回应孩子的情感需求，正确答案为D.

29.

[答案]C

[解析]根据题干关键词oppressive ideology和requires parents可以定位到第四段第一句。 定位句指出，特罗尼克本.人对儿童使用电子设备的担忧源自于一种“要求父母应该随时与其子女互动的压制性意思形态”:“这是基于一个从某种程度上带有想象的，极其苍白的和中.上层社会阶级的意识形态，这种意识形态认为如果你不能让自己的孩子接触到30000个词汇，那你就是忽视了他们。”由此可知，他提到的这种意识形态要求父母保持与孩子之间的经常性互动，故正确答案为C。

30.

[答案] A

[解析]根据题干关键词Tronick和kid's use of screens可以定位到第四段第二句。定位句指出，特罗尼克认为，尽管孩子可能无法从电子设备.上学到东西，但是不能因此就认为它没有价值，因为这可以给父母时间来洗澡、做家务，或者只是从照顾孩子的过程中获得休息时间，也就是获得一些自由时间，由此可知，正确答案为A。

Text 3

Today, widespread social pressure to immediately go to college in conjunction with increasingly high expectations in a fast-moving world often causes students to completely overlook the possibility of taking a gap year. After all, if everyone you know is going to college in the fall, it seems silly to stay back a year, doesn't it? And after going to school for 12 years, it doesn't feel natural to spend a year doing something that isn't academic.

But while this may be true, it's not a good enough reason to condemn gap years. There's always a constant fear of falling behind everyone else on the socially perpetuated “race to the finish line," whether that be toward graduate school, medical school or lucrative career. But despite common misconceptions, a gap year does not hinder the success of academic pursuits- in fact, it probably enhances it.

Studies from the United States and Australia show that students who take a gap year are generally better prepared for and perform better in college than those who do not. Rather than pulling students back, a gap year pushes them ahead by preparing them for independence, new responsibilities and environmental changes一all things that first-year students often struggle with the most. Gap year experiences can lessen the blow when it comes to adjusting to college and being thrown into a brand new environment, making it easier to focus on academics and activities rather than acclimation blunders.

If you're not convinced of the inherent value in taking a year off to explore interests, then consider its financial impact on future academic choices. According to the National Center for Education Statistics, nearly 80 percent of college students end up changing their majors at least once. This isn't surprising, considering the basic mandatory high school curriculum leaves students with a poor understanding of themselves listing one major on their college applications, but switching to another after taking college classes. It's not necessarily a bad thing, but depending on the school, it can be costly to make up credits after switching too late in the game. At Boston College, for example, you would have to complete an extra year were you to switch to the nursing school from another department. Taking a gap year to figure things out initially can help prevent stress and save money later on.

31. One of the reasons for high-school graduates not taking a gap year is that_

A. they think it academically misleading

B. they have a lot of fun to expect in college

C. it feels strange to do differently from others

D. it seems worthless to take off-campus courses

32. Studies from the US and Australia imply that taking a gap year helps_

A. keep students from being unrealistic

B. lower risks in choosing careers

C. ease freshmen's financial burdens

D. relieve freshmen of pressures

33. The word “acclimation" (Line 8, Para. 3) is closest in meaning to___.

A. Adaptation

B. application

C. Motivation

D. competition

34. A gap year may save money for students by helping them_

A. avoid academic failures

B. establish long-term goals

C. switch to another college

D. decide on the right major

35. The most suitable title for this text would be_

A. In Favor of the Gap Year

B. The ABCs of the Gap Year

C. The Gap Year Comes Back

D. The Gap Year: A Dilemma

【答案解析】

31.

[答案] C

[解析]根据题干关键词reasons和not taking a gap year可以定位到第一段第 二句。该段第二句指出，高中毕业生看到自己认识的每一个人都在秋季入学，而自己却留下待一年，这似乎很愚蠢。由此可知，度过空档年这种与众不同的做法会让他们感觉奇怪，这是大家很少采取这种方式的原因之一，故正确答案为C。

32.

[答案] D

[解析]根据题干关键词the US and Australia可以定位到第三段第一、二句。定位句指出，来自美国和澳大利亚的研究显示，度过空档年的学生整体上比没有度过空档年的学生准备更加充分，在大学中表现得也更好。空档年有助于他们在独立性、承担新责任和应对环境变化等方面做好准备，也就是说可以缓解他们的压力，由此可见，正确答案为D。

33.

[答案] A

[解析]根据题干关键词"acclimation" (Line6, Para. 3)定位到第三段最后一句。定位句指出，空档年的经历可以减轻适应大学生活和突然进入全新环境时的各种冲击，使他们更容易将精力集中在学术和活动上，并且在acclimation之后是名词blunders“失误”。定位句主要在强调适应全新环境的问题，由此可知，可能出现的失误或者障碍都应该是与适应环境有关的，故正确答案为A。

34.

[答案] D

[解析]根据题干关键词save money和by helping可以定位到第四段第一句，定位句指出，“ 如果度过一个空档年去发现兴趣点的内在价值还不足以令你信服的话，那么考虑一下它对未来学业选择的经济影响吧。”在随后的分析中，作者指出，高校新生换专业十分频繁，因为他们多半在入学前不了解自己的真正需求和大学学业特点，空档年有助于他们想清楚自己的实际兴趣和需要，避免换专业带来的经济等方面压力，由此可知，正确答案为D。

35.

[答案] A

[解析]根据题干关键词title for this text可知，解答本题需概括全文主旨。文章开篇就提出了学生们在高中毕业后是否应该先度过一个空档年再去，上大学的问题，作者分析了高中毕业生不做此选择的种种原因，随后作者明确提出自己的观点:空档年其实是由好处的。第三段和第四段分别从心理准备和经济影响着两个角度分析了空档年可能带来的好处，用于支持第二段的观点，由此可知，作者是赞成空档年的，正确答案为A。

Text 4

Though often viewed as a problem for western states, the growing frequency of wildfires is a national concern because of its impact on federal tax dollars, says Professor Max Moritz, a specialist in fire ecology and management.

In 2015, the US Forest Service for the first time spent more than half of its S5.5 billion annual budget fighting fires - nearly double the percentage it spent on such efforts 20 years ago. In effect, fewer federal funds today are going towards the agency's other work一such as forest conservation, watershed and cultural resources management, and infrastructure upkeep- that affect the lives of all Americans.

Another nationwide concern is whether public funds from other agencies are going into construction in fire-prone districts. As Moritz puts it, how often are federal dollars building homes that are likely to be lost to a wildfire?

“It's already a huge problem from a public expenditure perspective for the whole country," he says. We need to take a magnifying glass to that. Like, “Wait a minute, is this OK?"Do we want instead to redirect those funds to concentrate on lower-hazard parts of the landscape?"

Such a view would require a corresponding shift in the way US society today views fire, researchers say.

For one thing, conversations about wildfires need to be more inclusive. Over the past decade, the focus has been on climate change一how the warming of the Earth from greenhouse gases is leading to conditions that worsen fires.

While climate is a key element, Moritz says, it shouldn't come at the expense of the rest of the equation.

“The human systems and the landscapes we live on are linked, and the interactions go both ways," he says. Failing to recognize that, he notes, leads to "an overly simplified view of what the solutions might be. Our perception of the problem and of what the solution is becomes very limited."

At the same time, people continue to treat fire as an event that needs to be wholly controlled and unleashed only out of necessity, says Professor Balch at the University of Colorado. But acknowledging fire's inevitable presence in human life is an attitude crucial to developing the laws, policies, and practices that make it as safe as possible, she says.

“We've disconnected ourselves from living with fire," Balch says. “It is really important to understand and try and tease out what is the human connection with fire today."

36. More frequent wildfires have become a national concern because in 2015 they_

A. exhausted unprecedented management efforts

B. consumed a record-high percentage of budget

C. severely damaged the ecology of western states

D. caused a huge rise of infrastructure expenditure

37. Moritz calls for the use of "a magnifying glass" to

A. raise more funds for fire-prone areas

B. avoid the redirection of federal money

C. find wildfire-free parts of the landscape

D. guarantee safer spending of public funds

38. While admitting that climate is a key element, Moritz notes that

A. public debates have not settled yet

B. fire-fighting conditions are improving

C. other factors should not be overlooked

D. a shift in the view of fire has taken place

39. The overly simplified view Moritz mentions is a result of failing to

A. discover the fundamental makeup of nature

B. explore the mechanism of the human systems

C. maximize the role of landscape in human life

D. understand the interrelations of man and nature

40. Professor Balch points out that fire is something man should.

A. do away with

B. come to terms with

C. pay a price for

D. keep away from

36.

[答案] B

[解析]根据题干关键词wildfires和in 2015可以定位到第二段第一句。定位句指出，“2015 年，美国森林管理局首次花费了其年度预算五十五亿美元的一半以上用于扑灭火灾，比例相较二十年前几乎翻番”，由此可知，花费在火灾上的预算百分比达到了历史上的最高水平，故正确答案为B。

37.

[答案] D

[解析]根据题干关键词"a magnifying glass"可以定位到第四段第二句。定位句提到“我们需要戴上放大镜来看待此事”，而根据前面一句所说，从全国公共开支的角度来看，控制火灾的经费增加已经成为一个重 大的问题，可推知“此事”，就是指公共经费的使用，而定位之后提到“我们是不是要把那些资金转投土地风险更低的地方?”由此可知，戴上“放大镜”是为了确保公共经费更安全地使用，故正确答案为D。

38.

[答案]C

[解析]根据题干关键词a key element和Moritz notes定位到到第七段。定位段指出，“莫里 兹说，尽管气候确实是一个关键因素，但不应因此放弃对其他因素均衡的关注。”由此可见，莫里兹认为其他因素的影响也不应被忽视，故正确答案为C。

39.

[答案] D

[解析]根据题干关键词overly simplified view和Moritz mentions可以定位到第八段第二句。定位句指出“如果不能认识到这一点，将会导致一个关于解决方式的过于简单的看法”。而所谓的“这一点”，应该回溯至上一句，莫里兹在该句中强调人类体系和我们生活的这片土地是彼此联系的，其互动是双向的，由此可知，过于简单的观点是由于没有正确理解人类与自然的关系而导致的，故正确答案为D.

40.

[答案] B

[解析]根据题干关键词Professor Balch和fire可 以定位至倒数第二段。在该段中，鲍尔奇教授提出，人们不应将火灾看成是一种需要完全控制的事件，而应该认识到火灾是人类生活中不可避免的，只有这样，才能通过制定相关的法规政策和采取适当的行动，将它尽可能地控制在更安全的范围之内，可见，她认为对于火，人们应该采取一种接受的态度故正确答案为B。