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西南科技大学2021年考研真题：211翻译硕士英语

科目代码及名称: 211翻译硕士英语

适用专业：英语笔译(055101)、英语口译(055102)

I. Vocabulary and grammar (30')

Multiple Choice

Directions: Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A), B), C) and D). Choose the answer that best completes the sentence. Mark your answers on your answer sheet.

1. Mother Teresa remained a woman of great（  ）, despite all the attention and praise her work received.

A) humanity

B) humility

C) hospitalit

D) dignity

2. I don't want him to feel.（  ）to wear the shirt just because I gave it to him.

A) obligated

B) pricked

C) appeciated

D) confined

3. Burdened by debt, John abandons his dreams of reforming medicine to take a conventional but（  ）practice in London.

A) innovative

B) ilelgible

C) lucrative

D)intangible

4. The company's business plan recently evolved from one rejecting different perspectives to one.（  ）many different points of view.

A) corporating

B) embracing

C) surpassing

D) comprehending

5. According to one employee, who wishes to remain（  ）, the company engaged in ilegal activities.

A) autonomous

B) spontaneous

C) unanimous

D) anonymous

6. At the meeting，I pretended to read the note a moment longer, giving myself a chance to :（  ）with something.

A) hold on

B) keep up

C) put forward

D) come up

7. Relying on math formulas or drills in class, the study bores many students and（  ）their performance.

A) prevents

B) undermines

C) strengthens

D) prevails

8. The idea that people are basically economic creatures, intent only upon their own material advantage, induces（  ）disbelief in the of any unselfish motive.

A) purpose

B)desirbility

C) integrity

D) stupidity

9. It wasn't military action but（  ）disease that finally caused the population to surrender.

A) rampant

B) psychic

C) apalling

D) timorous

10. People

to astrology with a dogmatic frame of mind rather than having a skeptical, critical（  ）approach.

A) adjust

B) comply

C) amend

D) adhere

11. In his closing speech to the jury, the prosecutor（  ）the mass of incriminating evidence he had developed in the trial.

A) reminded

B) retained

C) reckoned

D) recalled

12. It was（  ）that he was present at the scene of the crime, but he（  ）that he was in Europe at the time.

A) asrted, alged

B)affirmed, alleged

C) alged, asserted

D) maintained, alleged

13. Try to keep the（  ）crowd from becoming

A) peaceful, wild

B) boisterous, violent

C)violent, blustering

D)violent, riotous

14. Instead of（  ）her, the thief（  ） her purse and ran.

A) grabbing, snatched

B) snatching, grabbed

C) gripping, grasped

D)grasping, grabbed

15.Throughout the Latin（  ） Spanish is the predominant language.

A) municipality

B) quarters

C) accommodation

D) quarter

16. The patient complained of pains in the head, dizziness and（  ）

A) delusion

B) fantasy

C)imagination

D) hallucination

17.A（  ）statement will very likely be one that appears to be convincing on the surface, but which, upon closer examination, is not so.

A) plausible

B) reasonable

C) credible

D) laudable

18. They,（  ）the mounting evidence of discrepencies in the report as justifying a new investigation.

A) beckoned

B)conjured

C)invoked

D) called

19. She cherished a deep（  ）towards her employer for having denied her a promotion.

A) liking

B) resentment

C) suspicion

D)offense

20.（  ）myself up on my elbow, I could talk more easily to my visitors.

A) Propping

B) Supporting

C) Holding

D) Resting

II. Reading Comprehension (40')

Section 1 Multiple Choice (20)

Directions: In this section, there are 2 reading passages fllowed by multiple choice questions. Read the passages and then mark your answers on your answer sheet.

Passage One

Questions 21-25 are based on the following passage.

A water-covered planet facing a water crisis seems paradoxical. And yet that is exactly the reality on planet Earth, when 97 percent of the water is too salty to quench human thirst or to irrigate crops. Tackling water-shortage issues with desalination--drawing fresh, drinkable water out of salty seawater--is common in the desert nations of the Middle East, the Caribbean and the Mediterranean. But as the cost of desalination drops and the price and demand for water climb, countries in temperate regions are turning more and more to the sea.

People have been pulling freshwater out of the oceans for centuries by using technologies that involve evaporation, which leaves the salts and other unwanted constituents behind. Salty source water is heated to speed evaporation, and the evaporated water is then trapped and ditilled. This process works well but requires large quantities of heat energy, and costs have been prohibitive for nearly all but the wealthiest nations, such as Kuwait and Saudi Arabia. To make the process more affordable, modern distillation plans to recycle heat from the evaporation step.

A potentially cheaper technology called membrane desalination may expand the role of desalination worldwide, which today accounts for less than 0.2 percent of the water withdrawn from natural sources. Membrane desalination relies on reverse osmosis--a process in which a thin, semipermeable membrane is placed between a volume of saltwater and a volume of freshwater. The water on the salty side is highly pressurized to drive water molecules, but not salt and other impurities to the pure side. In essence, this process pushes freshwater out of saltwater.

Most desalination research over the past few years has focused on reverse osmosis, because the filters and other components are much smaller than the evaporation chambers used in distllation plants. Reverse-osmosis plants are also more compact and energy-efficient.

Although reverse-osmosis plants can offer energy savings, the earliest membranes, made from either polyamide fibers or cellulose acetate sheets, were fragile and had short life spans, often no longer then three years.

These materials are highly susceptible to contaminants in the source water-particularly chlorine, which hardens the membranes, and microbes, which clog them. A new generation of so-called thin composite membranes made from polyamide films, promises to eliminate these problems. Though still susceptible to contamination, these new membranes are sturdier, provide better filtration and may last up to 10 years.

Technical performance is important, but it alone does not drive the adoption of desalination as a source of clean water. With or without technical improvements, the market for desalination equipment will very likely show halthty growth in the next 10 years as cities and other consumers realize the potential and favorable economics of existing equipment.

21. The first sentence of the first paragraph means that.,

A) there should be no water crisis on a water-covered planet

B) the water crisis can easily be tackled because the Earth is a water-covered planet

C) it is unbelievable that there is a water crisis on Earth

D) although not easy to understand, the Earth does face a water crisis

22. Evaporation desalination

A) is more affordable than membrane desalination

B) leaves nothing to be desired

C) is a workable solution for turning salty seawater into drinking water

D) is prohibited in some nations in the Middle East

23. According to the passage,

A) evaporation desalination works better and less expensively than membrane desalination

B) Membrane desalination works better and less expensively than evaporation desalination

C) Evaporation desalination costs less than membrane desalination

D) Membrane desalination costs less than evaporation desalination

24. Which of the following statements is TRUE?

A) Water shortage presents a serious problem for Kuwait.

B) Membrane desalination involves evaporation.

C) Reverse-osmosis plants take less space but consume more energy.

D) Thin composite membranes have a life span as long as 3 years.

25. The underlined word“clog" in the fifth paragraph most probably means____.

A) destroy

B) hoop

C) erode

D) block

Passage Two

Questions 26-30 are based on the following passage.

That mythical beast, homo economicus, is uterlty clear about the purpose of work: to get paid. He is keener on leisure than on work, and if money can be got without effort, he downs tools. If real people feel the same, then plentiful out-of-work benefits should be found in the same places as work-shy citizens.

Yet a cross-country comparison of benefits and atitudes to work published on January 28h finds precisely the opposite pattemn. Researchers ranked 13 countries according to their generosity (measured by comparing typical benefits to those out of work with the average wage of a production worker) and their citizens' commitment to work (gauged by asking whether they would work if they did not need the cash, and whether they regarded a job as merely a way to earn a living). The more generous a state is, the keener on work its people are, they found. Britons, whose benefits were least after those that Americans get, were least keen of all on work.

One reason may be the skills make-up of the British workforce. The researchers found, logically enough, that professionals and graduates were more positive about work than the unskilled and non-graduates. Fewer Britons than Norwegians (who came top on work commitment) have professional jobs or degrees. But this does not entirely explain their comparative immunity to the atractions of hard work: Britons of every social class and level of education were less keen on work than their counterparts elsewhere.

Could the “dependency culture" currently exercising British politicians be solved by raising benefits?

Unlikely, says Alison Park, editor of the annual British Social Attitudes Report, in which the study appeared: attitudes to work vary from country to country for many reasons. The generosity of what the report terms “encompassing" states, all Nordic with Lutheran traditions, may have been made possible by a strong work ethic, rather than a stronger commitment to work having emerged as a result of it.

And work incentives are affected by features of welfare systems other than overall generosity: "corporatist" states such as Germany, which pay higher benefits to those with a longer work history, may be encouraging positive atiudes to work by such conditionality. Britain's little benefits, by contrast, are largely independent of previous employment, whch may mean they are seen as an alternative to work, rather than as one of the good things that flow from it.

26. The phrase“work-shy citizens" in the last sentence of paragraph 1 probably refers to people who are___.

A) incompetent for their work

B)ashamed of their work

C)unwilling to do their work

D)irresponsible for their work

27. From the Paragraph 2, we learn that__

A) Britons' average wage is the lowest in Europe

B) Britons rely heavily on government welfares

C) Britons prefer leisure to work

D) Britons are not enthusiastic in work

28. Britons are unmotivated in their work mainly due to_

A) defective welfare system

B) insufficient work skills

C) lazy lifestyle

D) weak work ethic

29. Which of the following can be inferred from the text?

A) Americans are probably less interested in their work than Britons.

B) Norwegians exceed Britons in professional education.

C) People in Nordic countries are more committed to their work than Germans.

D) The welfare of“encompassing" states might be better that of than“corporatist" states.

30. Which of the fllowing would be the best title for the text?

A) Attitude to Work: Diligent or Idle?

B) Attitude to Work: Can't or Won't?

C) Welfare System: Stimulator or Inhibitor?

D) Welfare System: More Generous or More Reasonable?

Section 2 Answering questions (20')

Directions: Read the. fllowing passages and then answer IN COMPLETE SENTENCES the questions that follow each passage. Use only information. from the passage you have just read and write your answer in the corresponding space on your answer sheet.

Passage One

Questions 31-35 are based on the fllowing passage.

The stratosphere ozone layer is not a completely uniform stratum, nor does it occur at the same altitude around the globe. It lies closed to the Earth over the poles and rises to maximum altitude over the equator. In the stratosphere, ozone is continuously being made and destroyed by natural processes. During the day the Sun breaks down some of the oxygen molecules to single oxygen atoms, and these, reacting with the oxygen molecules that have not been dissociated, form ozone. However, the sunlight also breaks down ozone by converting some of it back to normal oxygen. In addition, naturally occurring nitrogen oxides enter into the cycle and speed the breakdown reactions. The amount of ozone present at any one time is the balance between the processes that create it and those destroy it.

Since the sitting of the oxygen molcules depends directly upon the intensity of solar radiation, the greatest rate of ozone production occurs over the tropics. However, ozone is also destroyed most rapidly there, and wind circulation ptternrs carry the ozone-enriched upper layers of the atmosphere away from the equator. It turns out that the largest total ozone amounts are found at high latitudes. On a typical day the amount of ozone over Minnesota, for example, is 30 percent greater than the amount over Texas, 900 miles farther south. The density and altitude of the ozone layer also change with the seasons, the weather, and the amount of solar activity. Nevertheless, at any one place above the Earth's surface, the long-term averages maintained by natural processes are believed to be reasonably constant.

The amount of ozone near the Earth is only a small percent of the amount in the stratosphere, and exchange of molecules between the ozone layer and the air ground level is thought to be relatively small. Furthermore, the ozone molecule is so unstable that only a tiny fraction of ground level ozone could survive the long trip to the stratosphere, so the ozone layer will not be replenished to any significant degree by the increasing concentrations of ozone that have been detected in recent years neat the Earth's surface. The long-term averages of ozone both near ground level and in the stratosphere are regulated by continuous processes that are constantly destroying and creating it in each of these places. This is why scientists are so concerned about human beings injection into the stratosphere of chemicals like nitrogen oxides, which are catalysts that facilitate the breakdown of ozone. If the ozone layer is depleted significantly, more ultraviolet radiation would penetrate to the Earth's surface and damage many living organisms.

Give complete answers to the following questions.

31.What is the topic of this passage?

32. According to the passage, which factors influence the density and altitude of the ozone layer?

33. What do you know about the amount of ozone present at any one time according to the text?

34. What do you know about the situation of the rate of ozone production over the poles as compared with that over the tropics?

35. Why does the long-term average amount of ozone remain constant?

Passage Two

Questions 36-40 are based on the fllowing passage.

Timothy Berners-Lee might be giving Bill Gates a run for the money, but he passed up his shot at fabulous weant-intial--in 1990. That's when he decided not to patent the technology used to create the most important software innovation in the final decade of the 20" century: the World Wide Web. Berners-Lee wanted to make the world a richer place, not a mass personal wealth. So he gave his brainchild to us all.

Berners-Lee regards today's Web as a rebellious adolescent that can never fulfill his original expectation. By 2005, he hopes to begin replacing it with the Semantic Web--a smart network that will finally understand human languages and make computers virtually as easy to work with as other humans.

As imagined by Berners-Lee, the new Web would understand not only the meaning of words and concepts but also the logical relationships among them. That has great potential. Most knowledge is built on two pillars: semantics and mathematics. In number-processing, computers already outclass people. Machines that are equally skilled at dealing with language and reason won't just help people uncover new insights; they could blaze new trails on their own.

Even with a fairly crude version of this future Web, mining online for valuable pieces of knowledge would no longer force people to go through screen after screen of irrelevant data. Instead, computers would dispatch itelligent agents, or sofware messengers, to explore Web sites by the thousands and logically pick out just what's relevant. That alone would provide a major boost in productivity at work and at home. But there's far more.

Software agents could also take on many routine business work, such as helping manufacturers find and negotiate with lowest-cost parts supplies and handing help-desk questions. The Semantic Web would also be a treasure house of eureka insights. Most inventions and scientific breakthroughs, including today's Web, spring from novel combinations of existing knowledge. The Semantic Web would make it possible to evaluate more combinations overnight than a person could do in a lifetimne. Sure scientists and other people can post ideas on the

Web today for others to read. But with machines doing the reading and translating technical terms, related ideas from millions of Web pages could be distlledl and summarized. That will lift the ability to assess and integrate information to new heights. The Semantic Web, Berers-Lee predicts, will help more people become more intuitive as well as more analytical. It will foster global collaborations among people with diverse cultural perspectives, so we have a better chance of finding the right solutions to the really big issues-like environment and climate warming.

Give complete answers to the following questions.

36. Why might Berners-Lee have accumulated as much personal wealth as Bill Gates?

37. In what respects will the Semantic Web be superior to today's web?

38. What will one have to use to search for any information needed on tomorrow's Web if one does not want to go through screen after screen of irrelevant data?

39. What will the Semantic Web foster among people with dfferent cultural backgrounds?

40. What is the topic of this passage?

II. Writing (30)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 60 minutes to write a short essay entitled My View on Translators' Style. You should write about 300 words for your composition.