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安徽师范大学2021年考研真题：211翻译硕士英语

考试科目：211翻译硕士英语

适用专业：055100翻译[专业学位]

Section I: (30%, one point each)

Directions: Choose the answers that best complete the sentences. Write down your answers on, you?" answer sheet.

Questions 1-30

1. Jack took a taxi and headed for home, （  ）if his wife would forgive him.

A. not to know

B. not known

C. not knowing

D. not having known

2. Hydrogen is one of the most important elements in the universe（  ）it provides the building blocks from which the other elements are produced.

A. so that

B. but that C. provided that

D. in that

3. She appreciated（  ）the opportunity to present her speech in the international symposium.

A. having given

B. to have been given

C. to have given

D. having been given

4. On no account（  ）leave the baby at home alone.

A. Should you

B. you should

C. shall you

D. you shall

5. The reason that his property was confiscated by the country, it（  ）, was that he was involved in a lot of fraudulent activities during the war

A. was turned out

B. was being turned out

C. being turned out

D. turned out

6. He worked at a construction site and（  ）of his monthly wage to his poor parents.

A. reposed

B. remitted

C. refunded

D. rebuffed

7. Despite his wealth and high social status, he has an（  ）personality.

A. unassuming

B. uncouth

C. unprecedented

D. undermining

8. If we, （  ）the two pictures together, the fake one will be identified with less effort.

A. side

B. juxtapose

C. overlap

D. enlarge

9. Jealousies can（  ）any relationship.

A. suffocate B. arouse

C. achieve

D. eradicate

10. Even a(n ) （  ）apology did not win Alice's forgiveness. He knew he was doomed to lose her.

A. arrogant B. haughty

C. humiliating

D. abject

11. The economy is still（  ）in the world financial crisis with gloomy prospect of recovery in the near future.

A. entering

B. ushering

C. bogged down

D. bound

12. Confucius was. （  ）believed to have a height more than 1 .91meters.

A. purportedly

B. superficially

C. quoted，

D. seemingly

13. In the networked information era, we are frequently（  ）with too much information, left with little time for contemplation.

A. deluged

B. brought about

C. inculcated

D. poured

14. My cat is a fussy eater, but my dog is so（  ）that she will swallow anything down anything that is put in front of her.

A. picky

B. choosy

C. indefinite

D. indiscriminate

15. I don't have the（  ）idea what he meant.

A. weakest

B. best

C. foggiest

D. worst

16. In ancient times, people who were thought to have the ability to（  ）dreams were likely to be highly respected.

A. interpret

B. impart

C. inherit

D. intervene

17. Despite the wide range of reading materials specially written or（  ）for language learning purpose,there is yet no comprehensive systemic program for the reading skills.

A. appointed

B. assembled

C. acknowledged

D. adapted

18. To survive in the intense market competition, we must（  ）the qualities and varieties of products we make to the world market demand.

A. improve

B. gear

C. guarantee

D. enhance

19. Without a(an) （  ） passport, a tourist is forbidden to enter a country.

A. operative

B. effective

C. valid

D. efficient

20. A sheet of metal was shaken to（  ）the sound of thunder.

A. stimulate

B. simulate

C. reproduce

D. duplicate

21. Many animals display（  ）instincts only while their offspring are young and helpless.

A. cerebral

B. imperious

C. rueful

D. maternal

22. The guests, having eaten until they were（  ）, now listened inattentively to the speakers.

A. contracepted

B. satiated

C. griped

D. trespassed

23. Nothing can（  ）the indignity of being publicly criticized and the shame is unforgettable.

A. efface

B. tolerate

C. transcend

D. bypass

24. The occupation of the city was. （  ）because all of the locals had fled away.

A. deter

B. threatened

C. unencumbered

D. paved way

25. He went to the gym to train everyday, driven purely by（  ）

A. narcissism

B. self-respect

C. esteem

D. arrogance

26. Whenever the civil right leader delivered a speech, he was surrounded by（  ）crowd.

A. multitude

B. throbbing

C. scanty

D. mob

27. The shiny film star was surrounded by many scandals, and was believed to have（  ）relationships with some super models.

A. promiscuous

B. complex

C. inexplicable

D. vintage

28. As a tall man, I couldn't sleep on the train since it was too（  ）

A. noisy

B. raucous

C. small

D. cramped

29. Those （  ）values should be, so as to carry them forward by the next generations.'

A. aging--guaranteed

B. long-cherished--- institutionalized

C. degenerating--criticized

D. infamous---deemed

30. The（  ）unearthed ancient potteries further（  ）the fact the technique of pottery making existed three thousand years ago.

A. frequently--accompanied

B. worthy--collaborated

C. newly---corroborated

D. expensive---valued

Section II: (10%, one point each)

Directions: Each of the following questions or groups of questions is based on a short passage or a set of propositions. In answering these questions it may sometimes be helpful to draw a simple picture or chart.

When you have selected the best answer to each question, write down the letter on your answer sheet.

Questions 1-5

The letters S, T,U, V, W, X, Y, and Z represent eight consecutive whole numbers, not necessarily in that order.

W is four more than Z and three less than X.

S is more than T and less than X.

U is the average of V and x.

1. If the lowest number of the series is 8, what is the value of W?

A.10

B.11

C.12

D.13

E.14

2. Which of the following is (are) true?

I. W is not the greatest number in the series.

II. Z is not the greatest number in the series.

III. X is not the greatest number in the series.

A. I only

B. II only

C. I and II only

D.I and III only

E. I, II, and III

3.IfV is less than W, which one of the following is a possible order of the numbers, starting with the highest number on the left?

A. X,S,U, W,V,T, Y,Z .

B. X,S,T, W, V,U,Y,Z

C. Z,S,T, W,U,V,Y,X

D. X,T,S, V, W,U,Z, Y

E. X,U,S, T, W,V,Y,Z

4. If U did not have to be greater than V, which of the following is a new possibility?

A. X is one greater than U.

B. U is one greater than Z.

C. U is four less than W.

D. Z is two greater than U.

E. U is equal to W.

5. If Y is three greater than Z, which of the following is (are) true?

I. W is greater than U

II. S is greater than W.

III. Y is greater than V.

IV. V is two less than Y.

A. I and II only

B. I and III only

C. I, II, and IV only

D. II, III and IV only

E. none of the above

Questions 6-10

A winery is conducting a tasting of seven wines :J, K, L, M, N, O, and P. Each will be tasted in succession according to the following conditions:

J must be tasted either third or seventh.

If J is tasted seventh, then N must be tasted fourth: otherwise N is not tasted fourth.

If J is tasted seventh, then L is tasted sixth.

If J is tasted third, then O is tasted sixth.

N must be the third wine tasted after K.

6. If M is tasted immediately following L, Which of the following must be true?

A. K is tasted first.

B. L is tasted second.

C. M is tasted third.

D. P is tasted fourth.

E. P is tasted fifth.

7. M CANNOT be which wine in the tasting sequence?

A. second.

B. third

C. fourth

D. fifth

E. sixth

8. Which of the following must be true?

A. J is tasted earlier than K.

B. J is tasted earlier than L.

C. K is tasted earlier than L.

D. K is tasted earlier than O.

E. M is tasted earlier than O.

9. If P is tasted earlier than N but later than O, which of the following must be true?

A.O is tasted first.

B. L is tasted third.

C. O is lasted third.

D. M is tasted fifth.

E. P is tasted .

10. If M is the second wine tasted after P, in how many different orders can the wines be tasted?

A.1

B.2

C.3

D.4

E.5

Section II: (30%, one point each)

Directions: Read the following passages and answer questions on your answer sheet.

A Symbol of Old Japan Lives on

Nothing, possibly, conjures up the image of Japan that most non-Japanese have than geisha. This unique institution is still alive in the country, although the business is nowhere near as flourishing as it used to be, and the number of geisha houses has fallen drastically.

Geisha houses are expensive and discreet restaurants, where the geisha girls and young women specially dressed in the exotic costume of a bygone era and highly trained in the arts of traditional singing and dancing, and conversation --- make men relax and feel like the center of the universe for a few short hours.

Geisha first became prominent in the Meiji era, in the middle of the 19h century, when Japan was going through an extraordinary upheaval. The provincial samurai, or warrior class, who fomented rebellion against the military dictatorship of the Shogun and restored the emperor, hatched their plots in the geisha houses of Kyoto. Their battle song was composed by a geisha. Later, when the rebels became the leaders of the country and moved to Tokyo, they took their geisha with them. Several of them married geisha.

In a country where until recently arranged marriages were the norm, and women were expected to be oku-san, or the“honorable person at the back of the house", men of means frequented the geisha quarters in search of romance and sparkling conversation. While wives, chosen for their pedigree, came from suitably upper-class families, geisha were usually working class. Like modeling, becoming a geisha was, and still is, a way in which a girl could rise from a lowly background to mix with the most powerful men in the land, solely on the basis of her beauty. By the 1920s, there were about 80,000 geisha, and no shortage of girls attracted by the romance of geisha life. Nowadays, the flow of would-be geisha has slowed to a trickle, and of those few are prepared to put up with the long hours and hard work required to stay the course. Today, there are probably only 4,000 to 5,000 in the whole of Japan.

In the past, there were two ways to become a geisha: Either you were born into it and began your training in dance and music at the age of six years, sixth months and six days; or you came from a poor family and were sold by your parents into a sort of slavery in a geisha house. The latter girls had to spend many years repaying the crippling debts they incurred as the cost of their training. Even today, becoming a geisha is virtually the only way a woman in Japan can become a professional in the traditional arts. Men can pursue their interest by joining a kabuki theater, but that is exclusively male. In fact, the very word geisha mean a person “accomplished in the arts". In a strange way, it is a little like becoming a nun. Geisha do not marry. If a geisha does marry, she must leave the profession. Most Japanese women marry in their 20s, so geisha who devote themselves full-time to honing their skills may find that they have missed the boat.

Most Japanese will tell you they have never seen a geisha. The doors to the geisha restaurants are closed to everyone except those known to the management, and their guests. Given the cost, which is likely to reach several thousand dollars for an evening, the customers are restricted to the wealthy and powerful.

The geisha are their confidantes. In Japan, wives are not trained or experienced in playing the hostess, and private homes are usually several hours' commute from the center of town. So the job of ensuring a successful evening' 's entertainment goes to the geisha.

Geisha discretion is proverbial. It is part of the geisha code of honour that nothing their clients discuss in front of them is ever divulged to outsiders. That is why Japanese politicians and leading businessmen have preferred doing their real business in the evening in geisha houses. However, this comfortable arrangement has been severely shaken in recent years. It started with a 1989 scandal, when the then prime minister, Sosuke Uno, was shamed by the geisha he had been supporting. She sold her story to the Japanese tabloid newspapers. The disgrace was not that her had been having an illicit affair, but that he had failed to take care of his geisha properly, and therefore was not to be trusted. Moreover, he had chosen a geisha so lacking in class that she went so far as to break the geisha code of silence. Uno had to resign immediately, and his administration collapsed. Another sign of the times is the decline of Akasaka, Tokyo's geisha district. A series of financial scandals brought a flurry of reporters and cameramen snooping around to find out which politicians and businessmen were huddling in the geisha restaurants. This, of course, scared the customers away, and now there are a mere 80 or 90 geisha in Akasaka, down from 400 in 1955. At least one has been reduced to appearing on television in kimono fashion shows to boost her income.

Questions 11-14

Complete each of the following statements with words taken from Reading Passage One. Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage for each answer. Write your answers in blanks 11-14 on your answer sheet.

11. It was in geisha houses that the samurai for political upheaval.

12. By becoming a geisha, a girl can associate with powerful people.

13. After being sold to a geisha house, girls had to work for many years to pay off

14. One of main roles of a geisha is to act as a to businessmen and politicians.

Questions 15-19

Do the following statements agree with the views of the writer in Reading Passage One?

In blanks 15- 19 on your answer sheet write:

YES if the statement agrees with the writer

NO if the statement contradicts the writer

NOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this

15. Becoming a geisha was to enjoy a life or luxury for poor girls.

16. Japanese wives are jealous of geisha.

17. Geisha are a common feature of Japanese life.

18. The geisha present a more vivid image of Japan than the samurai.

19. The Japanese government now forbids politicians to frequent geisha houses.

What is a Port City?

The port city provides a fascinating and rich understanding of the movement of people and goods around the world. We understand a port as a centre of land-sca exchange, and as a major source of livelihood and a major force for cultural mixing. But do ports all produce a range of common urban characteristics which justify classifying port cities together under a single generic label? Do they have enough in common to warrant distinguishing them from other kinds of cities?

A A port must be distinguished from a harbour. They are two very different things. Most ports have poor harbours, and many fine harbours see few ships. Harbour is a physical concept, a shelter for ships; port is an economic concept, a centre of land-sea exchange which requires good access to a hinterland even more than a sea-linked foreland. It is landward access, which is productive of goods for export and which demands imports, that is critical. Poor harbours can be improved with breakwaters and dredging if there is a demand for a port. Madras and Colombo are examples of harbours expensively improved by enlarging, dredging and building breakwaters.

B Port cities become industrial, financial and service centres and political capitals because of their water connections and the urban concentration which arises there and later draws to it railways, highways and air routes. Water transport means cheap access, the chief basis of all port cities. Many of the world's biggest cities, for example, London, New York, Shanghai, Istanbul, Buenos Aires, Tokyo, Jakarta, Calcutta, Philadelphia and San Francisco began as ports - that is, with land-sea exchange as their major function --but they have since grown disproportionately in other respects so that their port functions are no longer dominant. They remain different kinds of places from non-port cities and their port functions account for that difference.

C Port functions, more than anything else, makes a city cosmopolitan. A port city is open to the world. In it races, cultures, and ideas, as well as goods from a variety of places, jostle, mix and enrich each other and the life of the city. The smell of the sea and the harbour, the sound of boat whistles or the moving tides are symbols of their multiple links with the world, samples of which are present in mirocosm within their own urban areas.

D Sea ports have been transformed by the advent of powered vessels, whose size and draught have increased. Many formerly important ports have become economically and physically less acessible as a result. By-passed by most of their former enriching flow of exchange, they have become cultural and economic backwaters or have acquired the character of museums of the past. Examples of these are Charleston, Salem, Bristol, Plymouth, Surat, Galle, Melaka, Suzhou chow, and a long list of earlier prominent port cities in Southeast Asia, Africa and Latin America.

E Much domestic port trade has not been recorded. What evidence we have suggests that domestic trade was greater at all periods than external trade. Shanghai, for example, did most of is trade with other Chinese ports and inland cities. Calcutta traded mainly with other parts of India and so on. Most of any ity's population is engaged in providing goods and services for the city itself. Trade outside the city is its basic function. But each basic worker requires food, housing, clothing and other such services. Estimates of the ratio of basic to service workers range from 1:4 to 1:8.

F No city can be simply a port but must be involved in a variety of other actities. The port function of the city draws to it raw materials and distributes them in many other forms. Ports take advantage of the need for breaking up the bulk material where water and land transport meet and where loading and unloading costs can be minimized by refining raw materials or turning them into finished goods. The major examples here are oil refining and ore refining, which are commonly located at ports. It is not easy to draw a line around what is and it not a port function. All ports handle, unload, sort, alter, process, repack, and reship most of what they receive. A city may still be regarded as a port city when it becomes involved in a great range of functions not immediately involved with ships or docks.

G Cities which began as ports retain the chief commercial and administrative centre of the city close to  the waerfront. The centre of New York is in lower Manhattan between two river mouths, the City of

London is on the Thames, Shanghai along the Bund. This proximity to water is also true of Boston, Philadelphia, Bombay, Calcuta, Madras, Singapore, Bangkok, Hong Kong and Yokohama, where the commercial, financial, and administrative centres are still grouped around their harbours even though each city has expanded into a metropolis. Even a casual visior cannot mistake them as anything but port cities.

Questions 20-23

This passage has 7 paragraphs A-G. From the list of headings below choose the most suitable headings for paragraphs B-E. Write the appropriate numbers (ivii) in blanks 20-23 on your answer sheet.

List of Headings

i. A truly international environment

ii. Once a port city, always a port city

iii. Good ports make huge profits

iv. How the port changes a city's infrastructure

v. Reasons for the decline of ports

vi. Relative significance of trade and service industry

vii. Ports and harbours

viii. The demands of the oil industry

20. Paragraph B

21. Paragraph C

22. Paragraph D

23. Paragraph E

Questions 24-27

Look at the following descriptions of some port cities mentioned in the passage. Match the pairs of cities (A-H) listed below, with the descriptions. Write the appropriate letters A-H in blanks on your answer sheet.

24. required considerable harbour development

25. began as ports but other facilities later dominated

26. lost their prominence when large ships could not be accommodated

27. maintain their business centres near the port waterfront

(A) Bombay and Buenos Aires

(B) Hong Kong and Salem

(C) Istanbul and Jakarta

(D) Madras and Colombo

(E) New York and Bristol

(F) Plymouth and Melaka

(G) Singapore and Yokohama

(H) Surat and London

In blanks 28-33 on your answer sheet write:

YES if the statement reflects the claims of the writer

NO if the statement contradicts the writer

NOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this

28. Cities cease to be port cities when other functions dominate.

29. In the past, many cities did more trade within their own country than with overseas ports.

30. Most people in a port city are engaged in international trade and finance.

31. Ports attract many subsidiary and independent industries.

32. Ports have to establish a common language of trade.

33. Ports often have river connections.

Unemployment is More Than an Index

Unemployment is an important index of economic slack and lost output, but it is much more than that.

For the unemployed person, it is often a damaging affront to human dignity and sometimes a catastrophic blow to family life. Nor is the cost distributed in proportion to ability to bear it. It falls most heavily on the young, the semiskilled and unskilled, the black person, the older worker, and the underemployed person in a low income rural area who is denied the option of securing more rewarding urban employment ---

The concentrated incidence of unemployment among specific groups in the population means fra greater costs to society than can be measured simply in hours of involuntary idleness or dollars of income lost. The extra costs include disruption of the careers of young people, increased juvenile delinquency, and perpetuation of conditions which breed racial discrimination in employment and otherwise deny equality of opportunity.

There is another and more subtle cost. The social and economic strains of prolonged underutilization create strong pressures for cost- increasing solutions -- On the side if labor, prolonged high unemployment leads to "share-the-work" pressures for shorter hours, intensifies resistance to technological change and to rationalization of work rules, and, in general, increases incentives for restrictive and inefficient measures to protect existing jobs. On the side of business, the weakness of markets leads to attempts to raise prices to cover high average overhead costs and to pressures for protection against foreign and domestic competition.

On the side of agriculture, higher prices are necessary to achieve income objectives when urban and industrial demand for foods and fibers is depressed and lack of opportunities for jobs and higher incomes in industry keep people on the farm. In all these cases, the problems are real and the claims understandable.

But the solutions suggested raise costs and promote inefficiency. By no means the least of the advantages of full utilization will be a diminution of these pressures. They will be weaker, and they can be more firmly resisted in good conscience, when markets are generally strong and job opportunities are plentiful. .

The demand for labor is derived from the demand for the goods and services which labor participates in producing. Thus, unemployment will be reduced to 4% of the labor force only when the demand for the myriad of goods and services - automobiles, clothing, food, haircuts, electric generators, highways, and so on - is suficiently great in total to require the productive efforts of 96% of the civilian labor force.

Although many goods are initially produced as materials or components to meet demands related to the further production of other goods, all goods (and services) are ultimately destined to satisfy demands that can, for convenience, be classified into four categories: consumer demand, business demand for new plants and machinery and for additions to inventories, net export demand of foreign buyers, and demand of government units, Federal, state, and local. Thus gross national product (GNP), out total output, is the sum of four major components of expenditure; personal consumption expenditures, gross private domestic investment, net exports, and government purchases of goods and services.

The primary line of attack on the problem of unemployment must be through measures which will expand one or more of these components of demand. Once a satisfactory level of employment has been achieved in a growing economy, economic stability requires the maintenance of a continuing balance between growing productive capacity and growing demand. Action to expand demand is called for not only when demand actually declines and recession appears but even when the rate of growth of demand falls short of the rate of growth of capacity.

Questions 34-38

Choose the appropriate letters A-D and write down them in blanks 34-38 on your answer sheet.

34. According to the passage, unemployment is in index of_____.

A. overutilization of capacity

B. economic slack and lost output

C. diminished resources

D. undercapacity

35. The cost to society of unemployment can be measured by all except____

A. lost incomes

B. idleness

C. juvenile delinquency

D. the death rate

36. According to the passage, a typical business reaction to a recession is to press for___

A. higher unemployment insurance

B. protection against imports

C. government reaction

D. restrictive business practices

37. The demand for labor is A. a derived demand

B. declining

C. underutilized

D. dependent upon technology

38. Gross National Product (GNP) is a measure of

A. personal consumption

B. net exports

C. domestic investment

D. our total output

Questions 39-40

For each question, choose the best answer among the listed alternatives and write down your answers on your answer sheet.

39. During 1985, advertising expenditures on canned food products increased by 20 percent, while canned food consumption rose by 25 percent.

Each of the following, if true, could help explain the increase in food consumption except:

A. Advertising effectiveness increased.

B. Canned food prices decreased relative to substitutes.

C. Canned food products were available in more stores.

D. Can opener production doubled.

E. Per-capita consumption of frozen foods declined.

40. Every town with a pool hall has its share of unsavory characters. This is because the pool hall attracts gamblers and all gamblers are unsavory .

Which of the following, if true, cannot be inferred from the above?

A. All gamblers are unsavory.

B. All pool halls attract gamblers.

C. Every town has unsavory characters.

D. All gamblers are attracted by pool halls.

E. An explanation of what attracts gamblers.

Section IV: (30%)

Directions: Present a written argument or case to an educated reader with no specialist knowledge of the following topic.

Some cultures view life as a line, extending from point A to point B. Others view life as a circle.

Explain which of these two views coincides with yours. If neither, what shape or form would you propose? Please explain.

You should write at least 300 words.

You should use your own ideas, knowledge and experience and support your arguments with examples and relevant evidence.